Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the requirement of intravenous fluid and insulin in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis to overcome the crisis. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration:Study was conducted at Medicine department of King Abdullah Teaching Hospital Mansehra and Nishtar Medical University Hospital Multan for six months duration from15thDecember, 2020 to 15thJune, 2020. Methods: Total seventy patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-65 years. Patients details demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent. Patients had diabetic ketoacidosis were presented in this study. Frequency of intravenous fluid and insulin were assessed to overcome the crisis of diabetic ketoacidosis by using portland protocol. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.51±7.41 years with mean BMI 25.18±3.48 kg/m2. 38(54.3%) cases were females and 32 (45.7%) patients were males. 42 (60%) cases had previous history of diabetes and the rest28 (40%) were newly diagnosed.Prevalence of DKA was more common in low socio-economic status found in 39 (55.7%) cases. Vomiting was the most common symptom found in 35 (50%) cases, followed by infection of insulin doses 18 (25.7%) cases, abdominal pain found in 15 (21.43%) patients. 32 (45.7%) patients who had increased diuresis received 11L of fluid in the treatment of DKA, 91-100 units of insulin were given to 18 (25.71%) cases, and for management of acidosis 24 (34.3%) patients took 2-days. There was no any mortality found in this study. Conclusion:We concluded in this study that early diagnosed of diabetic ketoacidosis is necessary for treatment. Removal of adequate fluid was necessary to avoid mortality. Keywords:Intravenous fluid, Insulin, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Diabetes

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Background: Hypomagnesaemia is related with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications and insulin resistance. On the other hand, the patients of Diabetes mellitus have decreased levels of magnesium. This analysis was planned to assess levels of serum magnesium in patients with newly diagnosedimpaired glucose intolerance and the severity of intolerance e.g., DM or impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucoseand compare the serum levels of magnesiumwith sex and age matched healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Outpatient department of Diabetes Hospital Peshawar and CMH Multan Institute of Medical Science Multanfor six months duration from February 2020 to July 2020. New patients of glucose intolerance (IGT 2, DM 54) were matched with same number of sex and age matched healthy subjects (n=56). All participants in the study done with the level of serum magnesium and comparisons were made between the case and the healthy subjects. Results: This study evaluated 56 patients (studied group) and 56 healthy volunteers of similar gender and age (control group) with glucose intolerance.There was no substantial difference between the control group in terms of sex, body mass index (p = 0.39) and age (p = 0.88). The level of serum magnesium was according to standard in 30 patients and 39 healthy subjects, and decrease in 26 patients and 17 normal subjects. The mean concentration of serum magnesium was lower in the experimental group (0.69±0.16m. Mol / L) than in the control group (0.84±0.17 m. Mol / L), though the variance was not substantial (p = 0.37). Conclusions: The levels of Serum magnesium were lesser in individuals with IGT and DM compared to healthy volunteers of the same sex and age and levels of serum magnesium were related to blood glucose levels. Key words: Serum magnesium, Diabetes mellitus, Glucose intolerance, Impaired glucose tolerance, Impaired fasting glucose.