Objectives
Widespread acceptance of the COVID‐19 vaccine will be the next important step in fighting the novel coronavirus disease. Though the Pakistani government has successfully implemented robust policies to overcome the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, studies assessing public intention to get COVID‐19 vaccination (IGCV) are limited. The aim of this study is to deal with this literature gap and has also expanded the conceptual framework of planned behaviour theory. We have introduced three new considerations (risk perceptions of the pandemic, perceived benefits of the vaccine, and unavailability of vaccine) to have a better understanding of the influencing factors that encourage or discourage public IGCV.
Methods
Results are based on a sample collected from 754 households using an inclusive questionnaire survey. Hypotheses are tested by utilizing the structural equation modelling approach.
Results
The results disclose that the intention factors, that is, attitude, risk perceptions of the pandemic, and perceived benefits of the vaccine, impart positive effects on public IGCV. In contrast, the cost of the vaccine and the unavailability of the vaccine have negative effects. Notably, environmental concern has an insignificant effect.
Conclusions
Research findings emphasize the importance of publicizing the devastating impacts of COVID‐19 on society and the environment, ensuring vaccination availability at an accessible price while simultaneously improving public healthcare practices.
Amaltas bark (Cassia fistula) has been used as natural colourant for dyeing of un-irradiated and irradiated cotton fabric. Both cotton fabric and dye powder has been exposed to absorbed doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy using Cs 137 γ-irradiator. Dyeing parameters such as temperature and time were optimized. To improve colour strength pre and post mordanting using copper and iron as mordants was carried out. Suggested ISO standard methods for colour, fastness to light, washing and rubbing were employed to observe fastness properties. It is observed that dyeing of irradiated fabric at 50 ºC for 50 min using Cu as pre-mordant (4 %) has not only given good colour strength with darker shades but also acceptable fastness properties are obtained. It is concluded that γ-irradiation has a promising effect in improvement of colour strength and colourfastness properties and it can be applied on other fabrics dyed with other natural colourants.
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