No abstract

Injectable filler treatments have increased in popularity because of enhanced safety profile and improved physical characteristics. ISAPS (International Society of Plastic Surgery) put out global data showing 3.7 million hyaluronic acid (HA) filler procedures in 2018, making it the second most often performed procedure in the world, after botulinum toxin. And these are only ‘those’ performed by qualified plastic surgeons. There was a concomitant increase in both the nonvascular and vascular complications, which coincided with the number and type of filler procedures performed. Filler complications were reviewed from existing literature, and an attempt was made to understand etiology, elucidate clinical features, and clarify optimum treatment strategies for each. Complications can be early or delayed in presentation, early consisting of injection site complications like bruising, edema, and hypersensitivity, Tyndall effect, and intravascular injection. Delayed complications included hypersensitivity type IV, acute infections like cellulitis, abscesses, and herpes and delayed ones like granulomas, biofilms, and atypical mycobacterial infections. These were analyzed and treatment options, protocols, and consensus guidelines were suggested. A clear understanding of facial anatomy, physical characteristics of all fillers used, early recognition, and treatment options of complications will ensure optimum outcomes.

Over the course of history, humanity has faced a plethora of deadly diseases. From smallpox and the bubonic plague, to AIDS and Ebola, the human race is no stranger to global pandemics. As medicine and science advanced, pandemics became less frequent and mortality rates became better controlled. As history can attest to, humanity has been surviving epidemics with improved outcomes. This is largely due to our most important line of defense, information.The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection. It is transmitted human to human via respiratory droplets and fomites during close unprotected contact between an infector and an infectee. [1] The coronaviruses mainly infect epithelial cells in the lung, but SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in respiratory, fecal, and blood specimens of patients infected with the virus. [2] Appropriate precautions, up-to-date knowledge, and strict safety measures will be needed, not just when the lockdowns are eased in most countries but also for the entire duration of the pandemic. [3,4] The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads. Protect yourself