Aim The aging process is associated with increased production of free radicals, but regular exercise training might create a balance between oxidative stress and the anti‐oxidant system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, malondialdehyde, total anti‐oxidant capacity and nuclear factor‐κB in young and older adult women. Methods A total of 44 women were divided into four groups: older‐training, older‐control, young‐training and young‐control. The experimental groups carried out 12 weeks of RT with an intensity of 75% one repetition maximum. Results After finishing the RT program, total anti‐oxidant capacity and nuclear factor‐κB in both the young and older adult training groups were significantly increased, whereas malondialdehyde in the young and the older exercising groups decreased. In addition, malondialdehyde in both the older and young groups, and total anti‐oxidant capacity in only the young group, were respectively lower and higher compared with their inactive counterparts. No significant changes in tumor necrosis factor‐α occurred in training groups after the 12‐week intervention, but the older and younger training groups had a significant difference with the young control group in the post‐test. Conclusions It seems that the strengthening of the anti‐oxidant system resulting from regular RT in older adults is similar to those of young people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 419–422.

Background and Objective: Bone Density (BD) decreases after menopause; on the other hand, physical activity is a major factor in preventing osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six-month low-load very high-repetition resistance training (body pump) on BD and balance in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods:22 postmenopausal women from Sanandaj City voluntarily participated in the present study (mean age, height, weight and BMI=55.2±1.7 yr, 160.8±3.1 cm, 65.1±3.5 kg and 25.1±1.6 kg/m2), and were randomly divided into Resistance Training (RT; n=12) and Control (Con; n=10) groups. The RT performed 3 sessions in week for 6 months, while the control group did not have any regular exercise training during this period. Bone scans (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were performed at baseline and after 6 months of training. Also, the balance index was assessed using the Stork Balance Stand Test. Results: After 6 months, BD in the lumbar spine (P=0.001) and balance (P=0.001) significantly increased in the RT. In addition, there was significant differences in BD of lumbar spine between the RT and control (the lumbar spine: (P=0.04), balance (P=0.001)). But after 6 months, there were not any significant changes in femoral neck and forearm (P 0.05) Conclusion: Six months, low-load very high-repetition resistance training increased the bone density of the lumbar spine while these changes did not occur at the femoral neck and forearm. It seems that the highest impact was on BD of the lumbar spine.

Background: Systematic inflammations are associated with cardiovascular diseases. The production of inflammatory mediators increases in a sedentary lifestyle and reduces with regular exercise. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of spinning workout and green tea supplementation on the anti-inflammatory and inflammatory markers and body composition of overweight women. Methods: This study was conducted on 32 overweight women who voluntarily participated in the research and were randomly assigned to the groups of spinning-green tea (SP-GT; n = 11), spinning-placebo (SP-PL; n = 11), and control (no exercise/placebo; n = 10). The experimental groups carried out eight weeks of spinning workout three days a week non-consecutively with the intensity of 11 - 17 rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured before the intervention and 48 hours after the last training session. In addition, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were measured. Results: After eight weeks of the intervention, BMI, BF%, and TNF-α significantly reduced in the SP-GT and SP-PL groups (P ≤ 0.05). Although the change in IL-6 was not significant in the intervention groups (P > 0.05), it significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.011). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in IL-10 in the SP-GT and SP-PL groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, spinning workout improved the inflammatory markers and body composition independent of supplementation, while green tea had a greater effect on IL-10. Therefore, spinning workout could be used for the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors through the improvement of systematic inflammation.