ABSTRACT… Objectives:To determine the frequency of postpartum haemorrhage in obese primigravid women. Study Design: Case series study. Period: Six months was conducted from 1st October 2014 to 30 March 2015. Setting: Department of gynecology and obstetrics at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro. Patients and Methods: All the primigravid obese (≥30kg/m2) ladies 18 to 35 years of age with 37-42 weeks of gestational age were evaluate for the occurrence of PPH by estimating blood loss of greater than 500 ml of blood following vaginal delivery or 1000 ml of blood loss following caesarean section. All data was entered and analyzed through statistical package SPSS version 17, the chi-square statistical test was applied and the p-value ≤0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Results: Total 203 primigravid obese ladies were studies, the age group was analyzed which shows that in age group between 18-25 years were 105(52.00%) women, in age group of 26-30 years were 62(30.69%) women and age group of 30 years and above were 35 (17.31%) women. The modes of delivery were evaluated which shows that 66.5% women underwent C-section and 33.4% women had normal vaginal delivery. The PPH was observed in 34.97% patients (70.4% with C-Section and 29.6 with NVD). Conclusion: Obesity carries a significant increased risk of complications during pregnancy and maternal risks during labour are PPH and more frequent C-section and nulliparous obese women have twofold high risk for PPH Key words:Postpartum haemorrhage, Obesity, Primigravid. FCPS-II Resident Department of Obstetrics andGynecology unit-IV, Jamshoro.

Objective: To differentiate between normal and pathological vaginal discharge (PVD) in pregnant women and to identify causes of and adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with PVD. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient antenatal clinics. Population / Sample: Pregnant women, Convenience sample (N=85). Methods: Data were collected through history, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Data analysed by frequencies, descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared tests. Main outcome measures: Vaginal discharge (VD), age, gestation, parity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results: Women's mean age was 27.4 (±4.67) years. Majority of women were 26-31 years old (40%), 28-35 weeks pregnant (34%) and primigravida (41%). Of 89% (n=76) women with VD, 32% (n=24) had normal VD and 68% (n=52) PVD. Normal VD was watery (100%) and odourless (96%) while PVD was yellowish curd like (33%) and foul smelling (52%). PVD was significantly associated with bacterial vaginosis (P < 0.0001), candidiasis (P = 0.005) and trichomoniasis (P = 0.018). A higher proportion of women with PVD reported irritation (P < 0.0001), pain (P < 0.0001), uterine contractions (P < 0.0001), premature membrane rupture (P < 0.0001), abortion (P < 0.042), pre-term delivery (P < 0.0001) and post-partum endometritis (P < 0.0001). PVD was also associated with low birth weight (P < 0.0001), low Apgar score at birth (P < 0.0001), respiratory distress syndrome (P < 0.0001), intensive neonatal care hospitalisation (P = 0.001) and early neonatal death (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Vaginal discharge in pregnancy requires early investigation to avoid any adverse fetomaternal outcomes associated with pathological vaginal discharge.