1 The ability of a series of 17 isatogen derivatives to relax smooth muscle, inhibit adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated respiration in isolated mitochondria and to antagonize the inhibitory effects of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on smooth muscle was measured. 2 Substitution in the 4-and 7-positions of the A-ring gave compounds that were strong inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and potent, non-specific smooth muscle relaxants. The compounds also possessed ATP-receptor blocking activity. 3 Substitution in the 5-and 6-positions of the A-ring decreased both the relaxant effect on smooth muscle and inhibition of ATP synthesis, whilst enhancing ATP-receptor antagonism. 4 In a series of 6-substituted 2-phenylisatogens, 6-methoxy-2-phenylisatogen was the most effective ATP-receptor antagonist. This compound also showed the greatest separation of the desired, pharmacological activity (ATP-receptor blockade) from the other two activities (smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis).

The cosmetic treatment strategies have been considerably popular over the last few decades among the population with respect to age, gender, and ethnicity. These procedures are easily accessible safer, minimally invasive, and more precise. Botox therapy is one of the most common non-surgical cosmetic treatment. Thus, the current study was accomplished to assess the knowledge of female students towards Botox therapy for beautification as well as for therapeutic purposes. The study was conducted form June 2018 to December 2018 in different medical colleges and universities of Karachi-Pakistan. Overall, three hundred and eighty-six female students participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal the students' demographic information. Pearson's chi-squared test was carried out to estimate the relationship between independent variables and responses. The response rate was 77.2%. The mean age of study participants was 26.44±3.33 years. The findings of the present study revealed that 58.3% of the participants were aware of Botox therapy and found it effective in cosmetology. The unexpected side effects, high procedure costs, and lack of cosmetologists were thought to be the main reasons that limit people from using Botox in Karachi-Pakistan.

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Objective: The present study was intended to assess the qualitative and quantitative analysis of some fruits available in Karachi, Pakistan. The association between the intakes of flavonoids enriches fruit and cardiovascular (CV) health was evaluated through a clinical survey. Methods: The acid-alkaline test was executed in all fruit samples. The total flavonoids content was carried out using aluminum chloride calorimetric method. A cross-sectional survey was executed from July to December 2018 among 100 cardiac patients in Karachi, Pakistan. The patient’s blood pressure was determined and categorized into normal, prehypertension, and hypertension. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Chi-squared test were executed to demonstrate the participants’ sociodemographic information. Results: The result revealed that the purple grapes contained an abundant amount of total flavonoid contents 192.59±1.28 as compared to green grapes and other fruits, whereas Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus reticulata (kinnow), and Punica granatum (pomegranate) contained 162.96±0.640, 151.85± 0.640, and 107.03±1.28, respectively. Moreover, Malus species, grapes (green), raspberry, and strawberry are also a good source of flavonoids. The clinical survey revealed that the majority of the respondents were male 74% while only 26% were female. The response rate was 73%. Conclusion: The finding of the present study indicated that dietary intake of fruits containing flavonoids may decrease the risk of CV disease and could contribute to promoting cardiac health.