Highlights Tocilizumab is a suggested anti-inflammatory drug to treatment COVID-19. Our study is immunopharmacology review that can be suitable for now. Tocilizumab is effective treatment in patients with severe COVID-19. Still accurate time and infection stage to start this drug is unclear. Accurate clinical trial studies are needed to determine Tocilizumab efficacy.

Disasters and emergencies have been increasing all over the world. Todays, with technological advancement, acquiring knowledge and its application in the realm of action is regarded as the only effective way for prevent disasters or reducing its effects. The present study aimed to review the importance of education and the effect of different methods of education on disaster risk reduction and preparedness in vulnerable people. To this aim, some articles indexed in Database of PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched. The search was limited to reviewed articles in English published between 1990 and 2017. In addition, the selected articles were reviewed for relevant citations. The conducted studies were reviewed by two researchers independently. The primary search generated 128 relevant references. After eliminating the duplicates and articles which were not related to the review of the abstract, 41 references were identified for inclusion. After reviewing more, 31 references, which failed to meet inclusion index, were excluded from the study. Disaster education aims to provide knowledge among individuals and groups to take actions to reduce their vulnerability to disasters. During the last decades, the issue that trained people can be prepared for disasters and responding well has been extensively investigated. Based on the results, disaster education is a functional, operational, and cost-effective tool for risk management. Based on some evidence, it is important for vulnerable people to learn about disasters. There are different methods to educate vulnerable people, but no method is better than others. Trained people can better protect themselves and others. In this regard, planning and designing comprehensive educational programs are necessary for people to face disasters.

No abstract

Since December 31, 2019, unknown causes of pneumonia have been reported in Wuhan, China. This special pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus was named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020.From the beginning of this infectious disease, clinicians and researchers have been endeavoring to discover an effective and suitable treatment for affected patients.To date, there is no definitive and specific treatments for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection while drugs introduced are still in the clinical trial phase.Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is a biological product prepared from the serum and an optional treatment for patients with antibody deficiencies. In many countries, much attention has been paid to the use of IVIG in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Due to the therapeutic importance of IVIG in virus infections, in the current study, we reviewed the possible effect of IVIG in viral infections and potential evidence of IVIG therapy in patients with COVID-19 virus.

Background: Behavioral, social, psychological and biological factors influence health and disease; and, to achieve professional competency, physicians should be knowledgeable about their society and its inhabitants’ behavior. This knowledge will help physicians to become competent in communication, professional behavior, self-awareness, ethical reasoning, and understanding cultural and social differences. In this regard, this research is an attempt to explore perspectives of medical faculty members on necessity of integrating Behavioral and Social Sciences (BSS) components into the medical curriculum. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected by semi-structured interview and observation of participants who were recruited from educational departments of faculty of medicine of Iran University of Medical Sciences. 12 faculty members were interviewed individually and were ask about their experiences and perspectives on integration of BSS subject matters into medical curriculum. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The six following themes were emerged from data analysis: "physician-patient interaction", "medical culture", "facilitating behavior change", "socio-cultural issues", "mind-body medical experience" and "physician interaction with health care system". Conclusion: The results revealed that "physician-patient interaction" was the most prominent among the emerged themes. The participants emphasized communication, professionalism, social accountability, and socio-cultural-psychological aspects