In this study the concentrations of metals in 89 different honey samples were collected, from four different areas of Orumieh City, in Iran from September of 2009 were investigated. Most of the samples were obtained from beekeepers located at a distance of 10 km from the roadside, to their accommodation. Pb, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, As and Ni were detected in all of the honey samples. The contents of metals in honey samples were found to be in the range of 0.04±0.1 ppm, 0.001±0.002 ppm, 7.09±9.4 ppm, 0.6±0.9 ppm 0.06±0.1 ppm, 9.99±26.5 ppm, 0.0008±0.0011 ppm, 0.003±0.005 ppm for Pb, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, As and Ni respectively. At the end of the study the Pb levels were found to be lower than the maximum residue limits of the European Union. Other metal levels were within acceptable levels. It was detected that the honey which was collected was of good quality from the point of metal contents.

Viruses are abundant and diverse entities that have important roles in public health, ecology, and agriculture. Identification and surveillance of viruses rely on understanding their genome organization, sequences, and replication strategy. Despite technological advancements in sequencing methods, our current understanding of virus diversity remains incomplete, highlighting the need to explore undiscovered viruses. Virus databases play a crucial role in providing access to sequences, annotations and other metadata, and analysis tools for studying viruses. However, there has not been a comprehensive review of virus databases in the last five years. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying 24 active virus databases and included an extensive evaluation of their content, functionality and compliance with the FAIR principles. In this study, we thoroughly assessed the search capabilities of five database catalogs, which serve as comprehensive repositories housing a diverse array of databases and offering essential metadata. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive review of different types of errors, encompassing taxonomy, names, missing information, sequences, sequence orientation, and chimeric sequences, with the intention of empowering users to effectively tackle these challenges. We expect this review to aid users in selecting suitable virus databases and other resources, and to help databases in error management and improve their adherence to the FAIR principles. The databases listed here represent current knowledge of viruses and will help aid users find databases of interest based on content, functionality, and scope. Use of virus databases is integral to gain new insights into the biology, evolution, and transmission of viruses, and develop new strategies to manage virus outbreaks and preserve global health.