Detection and treatment of cancer have been demanding areas with the increase in cancer and malignant diseases across the globe. Photodynamic therapy is a multi‐step treatment procedure using photosensitizers as a drug in the presence of light. Photosensitizers anchored on different nanomaterials through covalent and non‐covalent interactions contribute significantly to photodynamic therapy. Nanoparticles have been employed as promising carriers to transport photosensitizers to the target cells. Photosensitizer functionalized nanoparticles are more effective in terms of stability and water solubility than bare ones. This review is a brief account of different types of nanoparticles functionalized on photosensitizers currently used for photodynamic therapy. We have focused on photosensitizer anchored organic, inorganic, and carbon‐based nanomaterials, which can be effectively used in photodynamic therapy.

Objective: The present investigation aimed to prepare metronidazole (MTZ) topical bigel for the effective delivery of MTZ and to study the effect of used variables as per statistical design. The study also signifies the implementation of the statistical method using the Quality by Design technique for MTZ bigel. Methods: The MTZ bigels were prepared as per the runs suggested by box behnken design (BBD) using statistical software. A total of 28 runs were suggested by the BBD considering sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), guar gum, hydrogel, and RPM as independent variables. The prepared bigels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, percentage drug content, spreadability, viscosity, percentage in-vitro drug release, and antimicrobial efficacy. Model selectivity ascertained by pvalue considering responses along with predicted R2 and adjusted R2 value. Fitting of model ascertained by F-value as well as “lack of fit” carried out to find out the suitability of the experimental design. Furthermore, the characteristic distribution of data ascertained by the “normal plot of residual” method. The compatibility of MTZ and excipients in bigels were confirmed by FTIR and the crystalline nature of MTZ in formulations was studied by DSC and XRD studies. Furthermore, the dispersion of bigel was assessed by the SEM study. Results: The effect of independent variables on Spreadability (mm), Viscosity (cp), pH, Drug release in 6th hour (%), and Drug content (%) was evaluated. The optimized formulation was selected and evaluated by a polynomial equation while considering the p-value. These variables showed a significant effect on responses. A less significant difference was observed (6.37, 14463, 6.97, 86.29, and 67.47 respectively for spreadability, viscosity, pH, and percentage drug release and % drug content) was found between the observed and predicted values indicating that the model is suitable. The prepared bigels were compatible and globules were found to be uniformly dispersed throughout bigel. Conclusion: The 3D response surface design ascertained the optimal MTZ bigel at 1.25g of NaCMC, 0.5g of guar gum, 37.5g hydrogel, and 1000 RPM. The selected showed good antimicrobial efficacy against S. Aureus and may be considered as better delivery vehicles for the effective delivery of MTZ.

Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) micro sized mouth dissolving films were prepared to release the Amlodipine besylate drug for hypertension. TSP mouth dissolving films were prepared by solvent evaporation method which was further examined under in vitro studies. In vitro antimicrobial activities for all the mouth dissolving films were conducted by diffusion method. Form the in vitro release profile, the AML-TSP was completely showed rapid release of drug up to 98.1% than the thin films of other formulations respectively in the period of time of 10 min. The prepared AML-TSP mouth dissolving films were evaluated for drug content, weight variation, thickness, pH, folding endurance, In vitro drug release and stability studies. AML8 showed the highest drug release at the 10 min time point. The AML8 mouth dissolving film with higher amount of superdisintegrant CCS and SSG showed fastest onset of drug release.

Guillain-Baree syndrome also called guillain–Barré–Strohl syndrome, Landry's paralysis, post - infectious polyneuritis whichis a rare, at one or two cases per 100, 000 people every year, where auto-immune disorder in which a persons own immune system damaged the nerves, causing muscule weakness and sometimes paralysis. GBS can cause symptoms that last for a few weeks to several years. Most people recover fully, but some have permanent nerve damage. some people have died of GBS. Several things are known to tigger GBS. About two-thirds of people with GBS had diarrhea or a respiratory illness several weeks before developing symptoms. Infection with campylobacter jejuni, which causes diarrhea, is one of the most common risk factors for GBS. People can develop GBS after some other infections, such as flu, cytomegalovirus, Epstein barr virus, and zika virus. Very rarely, people have developed GBS in the days or weeks after receiving certain vaccines. It can be caused by campylobacter infection that is diagnosed when a laboratory tests detect campylobacter bacteria in stool, body tissue, or fluids. The test could be a culture that isolates the bacteria or a rapid diagnostic test that detects genetic material of the bacteria. The major aim of this case report is to present a classic case of this condition, to highlight an awareness of differing treatment options, and to advocate referral to a given its physician potential severity. Treatment for GBS including antibiotics, drink extra fluids as long as diarrhea lasts, plasma exchange, immunoglobulin therapy2.

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