Introduction: Fractures of the distal radius continue to be one of the most common skeletal injuries. The methods which are commonly practiced are closed manipulation and plaster cast, pins and plaster, percutaneous pinning, external fixation and open reduction and internal fixation with or without bone graft. Surgeons are increasingly faced with the dilemma of when to consider operative management and when cast immobilization is the optimal treatment. Aim: To compare the results of external and internal fixation methods for the treatment of fractures of distal end of radius. Materials and Methods: 47 cases of distal end radius fractures were operated in the orthopedic department of a tertiary care centre. The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of external and internal fixation methods for the treatment of fractures of distal end of radius. Patients operated by external fixation were classified as Group A and those operated by internal fixation were classified as group B. Patients were classified according to AO Classification. Patients were followed at regular intervals depending on the case and time of operation and evaluated by Gartland and Werley score. Results and Discussion: In our study, 29 patients were of extraarticular type, of which 86.20% had an excellent score and 18 patients were of intraarticular type, of which 83.33% had an excellent score. But when compared to groups A and B, the percentage of excellent score obtained in group B was more than that in group A in both extraarticular and intraarticular fractures. Yuan-kun et al did a study on intraarticular distal end radius fractures and evaluated the patients by Gartland and Werley point system, concluding that plating gives better results than external fixation supplemented by K wiring. Conclusion:We concluded that no method of fixation, can be said superior to the other. Each method has fracture-specific indication. The results of open reduction and internal fixation can be better than external fixation in initial months, but in the long run, both the methods can have excellent score, provided the fixation is good and properly indicated.

Introduction: Chronic lumbosacral pain is a common and challenging clinical entity problem in pain management centre. Since its first description by Mixter Barr in 1934, lumbar disc herniation is one of the few abnormality in the lumbar spine, were a clear relationship between the morphological alteration and pain seems to exist while pure mechanical compression was considered previously as a source of sciatica there is increasing evidence that chemical irritation of the nerve root plays an essential role perhaps even most important role. Materials and Methods: Chronic spinal back pain due to prolapsed intervertebral disc and lumber canal stenosis was previously treated with lumbar epidural steroid injections which gives its effect via drugs into the epidural space, not at particular level and its effect was also short lasting. Selective nerve root block and radiofrequency ablation therapy block the pain pathway by blocking the ascending pain pathway at dorsal root ganglion at particular level. Results: In this study, 100 patients were included. 82 patients were treated with selective nerve root block and 18 patients treated with pulse radiofrequency, were followed for average 6 months. Maximum number of patients are found in age group of 31 to 40 (41%). Mean age of our study is 41.7 years. In this study, total 51 % were male and 49 % were female so, male to female ratio is almost 1:1. Maximum number of patients having disc herniation at level of L4-L5(43%) and L5-S1(47%). Discussion: In our study, majority of patients were between age group of 31-40 years. In patients older than 50 years a disc has developed some degree of inherent stability through fibrous changes that occurs with loss of water content. In our study, the disc herniation was found to be slight more common in males. A herniated disc occurs most often in the lower lumber region of the spine especially at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels (90% in this study). This is because the lower lumber discs bear much more of the body weight and comparatively more bending force which leads to more degeneration and ruptures. Conclusion:The selective nerve root block combined with careful history, physical examination and quality radiographic studies, is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with predominant lumber radicular symptoms and it is a less invasive procedure. It gives an acceptable results in form of pain relief if given in early course of disease.