Introduction Knowing a person’s blood type is not only important in transfusion medicine and forensic medicine but is also useful for predicting a person’s characteristics including intelligence, knowledge, skill and behavior. It is recognized that intelligence, knowledge and skill are assessed by performance in examination. The objective of this study was to determine distribution of blood groups among students and its association with their academic performance. MethodsThis was an analytical study that was conducted among the medical students of Nepalese Army Institutes of Health Sciences (NAIHS) in Department of Clinical Physiology from June 2014 to April 2019. This study was conducted among 738 students by using convenient sampling method. Blood group was determined on the basis of agglutination reaction. Academic performance of students was assessed by the marks obtained by them in annual final examination. ResultsBlood group O was the most prevalent at 33.5%, followed by B at 29.5%, A at 29% and AB at 8%. Distribution of Rh positive and Rh negative were 96.6% and 3.4% respectively. The mean scores obtained in final university examination were highest in blood group A (62.9%) and lowest in blood group AB (60.3%) but the difference between different blood groups was not statistically significant. ConclusionBlood group O was the most common blood group. Rh positive was present in 96.6%. Though mean score was highest in blood group A, significant association between blood groups and academic performance was not seen in our study.

A horseshoe shaped kidney was found in an approximately 35 years old female cadaver during routine dissection at anatomy lab of our department. Further careful dissection was done in situ and ureter and related blood vessels were identified and painted for identification. The isthmus connecting the inferior poles of the kidneys was ventral to the great abdominal vessels. There were multiple vessels supplying the horseshoe kidney on either side, the ureteric drainage pattern was also not symmetrical. Horseshoe kidney is the commonest renal fusion anomaly found in 1 in 400-600 individuals, it is twice common in males than females. It occurs when kidneys are pushed too close to each other during their relative ascent through arterial fork of umbilical arteries in fetal life. Horseshoe kidney is associated with increased risk of renal calculus. Surgical division of the isthmus improves the renal function even in the absence of any pathology. Due to vascular variations, Angiographyor CT scanning with vascular reconstruction is very helpful when planning surgery on horseshoe kidney.

<p><span>A horseshoe shaped kidney was found in an approximately 35 years old female cadaver during routine dissection at anatomy lab of our department. Further careful dissection was done in situ and ureter and related blood vessels were identified and painted for identification. </span></p><p><span>The isthmus connecting the inferior poles of the kidneys was ventral to the great abdominal vessels. There were multiple vessels supplying the horseshoe kidney on either side, the ureteric drainage pattern was also not symmetrical. </span></p><p><span>Horseshoe kidney is the commonest renal fusion anomaly found in 1 in 400-600 individuals, it is twice common in males than females. It occurs when kidneys are pushed too close to each other during their relative ascent through arterial fork of umbilical arteries in fetal life. </span></p><p><span>Horseshoe kidney is associated with increased risk of renal calculus. Surgical division of the isthmus improves the renal function even in the absence of any pathology. Due to vascular variations, Angiographyor CT scanning with vascular reconstruction is very helpful when planning surgery on horseshoe kidney.</span></p>