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Lesions of The Eyeball and Ocular Adnexa -Our Experience Over A Period of 18 MonthsMaximum number of lesions were confined to the eyelid and lacrimal glands, and comprised of 55.81% of all lesions. This was followed by 27.91% lesions in the eyeball and 16.28% lesions in the orbit.In eyelid and eyeball, the neoplastic lesions outnumbered the non-neoplastic whereas in orbit, both were equal in number.

Background and Objectives: (Signs of neonatal sepsis are subtle) and common to various illnesses making the diagnosis of sepsis difficult. Results of isolation of organism and culture are available only after 48 -72 hours. Hence the need to find out different laboratory determinants helpful in detecting neonatal sepsis. A 'septic screen' of the following investigations was evaluated as a reliable indicator of neonatal sepsistotal leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, immature to total neutrophil ratio, micro erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein.Methods: This study was carried over a period of 18 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 250 neonates admitted with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were included. Total leukocyte count was performed using an automated cell counter, differential count was done on peripheral smears stained with Wright stain, micro ESR was measured using capillary tubes with an internal diameter of 1.1 mm and length 75mm, CRP was estimated by commercially available latex agglutination kit. The cut off values used were Leukopenia < 5000 cells/mm 3 , neutropenia < 1800/mm 3 , immature neutrophils: total neutrophils count ratio >0.2, microESR >15mm, CRP positive (>1mg/dl) Results: Blood culture was positive in 75 cases (30%) only and the commonest organism cultured was Acinetobacter. On comparing various tests with blood culture as gold standard they were found to be statistically significant (p<0.01) Interpretation and Conclusions: The best three test combination was absolute neutrophil count + I/T ratio + ESR (AIE) having the best specificity and PPV.

Background: The aim of our study was to study the gross morphological changes, histopathology, prevalence, and characteristics of pathological lesions in various organs in patients of diabetes mellitus; to determine the contribution of diabetes to mortality; and to study complications of diabetes mellitus in the cases studied. Materials and Methods: Ours was a descriptive cross-sectional study of a five-year duration carried out at a tertiary care hospital. A complete medical autopsy was done of all the cases; all organs were examined grossly and microscopically, and their details were recorded. Results: A total of 137 patients with diabetes were studied at autopsy. Overall, 32.8% of the patients with diabetes were in the age group of 61–70 years, with a female:male ratio of 1.2:1. The highest frequency of deaths was due to diseases of the cardiovascular system (39%), whereas both septicemia and diseases of the respiratory system followed as a close second (37%). Overall, 10.94% patients died due to diseases of the central nervous system. Conclusion: The global burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and it is necessary to have an improved understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology to focus therapeutic and research efforts appropriately to reduce its effects on lives and economies.

Context: Blood transfusion plays a vital role in saving lives. However, owing to its many side effects, it should be used judiciously. Aim: The aims of this study were: audit of blood utilization in our tertiary care set up, formulation of a maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) for procedures where a complete cross-match appears mandatory, and improvement in the efficiency of blood utilization in trauma care. Methods: All patients admitted to Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital during the study period for whom cross-match requests were sent to blood bank were included in this study. They were divided into groups according to the departments under which they were admitted. Data were analyzed and cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T ratio), transfusion index, and transfusion probability (%T) were calculated. C/T ratio was used as an index of the efficacy of blood ordering practice, and a ratio of >2.5 was considered an indication of the excess cross match. Results: The maximum C/T ratio of 34.11 was noted in the Department of Cardiology. Only three departments (Artificial Kidney Dialysis, Pediatrics, and Medical Intensive Care Unit) showed effective utilization of blood. Minimum C/T ratio of 1.34 observed in the Department of Artificial Kidney Dialysis. Conclusion: We found gross over-ordering of blood by different departments. Hence we propose the formulation of a blood ordering schedule. We drafted a MSBOS which provides guidelines for frequently performed elective surgical procedures by recommending the maximum number of units of blood to be cross-matched preoperatively, implementation of which will result in more efficient use of blood.