The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of continuous and discontinuous (cyclic) solution heat treatment on the athermal and isothermal ε martensite phase transformation in Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.3C implant alloy. The results showed that the cyclic solution heat treatment induced more of the athermal ε martensite phase in the alloy than that of the continues one. In addition, the cyclic heat treatment contributes to the development of more isothermal martensite phase during isothermal aging at 850 °C and, moreover, grain refinement in the area beneath the sample surface. The severity of grain refinement was highly significant adjacent to the surface and decreased by increasing the distance from the sample free surface. This novel grain refinement in high-carbon Co-Cr-Mo alloy was attributed to the generation of larger quenching thermal stresses introduced beneath the surface during cyclic solution treatment. The repetitive heating/cooling cycle modifies the surface properties, refines the grain size and leads to uniform dispersion of the secondary carbides. The corrosion resistance of the cyclically solution heat-treated samples was superior as compared to the as-cast one.