No abstract

Osteoporosis defined as a disease in which the density of bone reduced then became greatly porous and fragile at the end stage of the disease. The consequences of the disease include back pain, repeated bone fractures and up normal posture as a result of weakening skeleton. The issue of calcium levels affected (or not) by carbonated beverage consumption is under investigation. Calcium levels altered by changes in intake of calcium, excretion of calcium, absorption of calcium, or alterations in the feedback control mechanisms that affect bone density, or the supply of critical minerals (primarily calcium and phosphorus). Calcium is an important mineral in the development and maintenance of bone density. A lack of adequate levels of calcium leads to fractures and osteoporosis. Milk is the major source of calcium for most children's diets, accounting for about 50% of the daily requirement. In recent decades, carbonated beverages displaced milk, which may be a contributing factor to the 30% to 40% decline in calcium intake among children and adolescents. Ten randomized control trials and with a minimum follow-up of 12 months included. Results of the various studies suggested that replacing milk consumption with soft drinks leads to the risk of decreasing the bone density in children and adults.

The antihypertensive properties of vitamin D include Renoprotective effects, suppression of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, direct effects on vascular cells, and effects on calcium metabolism, including prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) and future cardiovascular events. There has been a recent debate regarding the role of vitamin D deficiency in hypertension based on conflicting epidemiological evidence. Five authors independently searched Medline, Cochrane PubMed, and Medline according to a prespecified protocol for searching about the studies that had assessed the effect of vitamin D supplement on pediatric hypertension in order to map the trends in the evidence of this association. The main end-points were measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The Total number of fortyeight randomized control trials and case-control studies were reviewed and only nine studies were included in our systematic review study, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. These eight studies showed a nonsignificant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. We found weak evidence to support a small effect of vitamin D on blood pressure in studies of hypertensive pediatric patients.