Background Severe burns lead to decreased pulmonary function and impaired aerobic capacity for long periods post-injury. Low-level laser therapy is a modality utilized to improve aerobic capacity, enhance exercise performance and increase time until fatigue when utilized before aerobic exercises. Purpose This work aims to determine the impacts of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy on aerobic capacity in burn cases. Participants and Methods Sixty adults burned cases of both sexes, aged from 25 to 40 years, with second-degree healed thermal burns, and the total burned body surface area ranged from 20 to 40% participated in this study after complete wound healing. They were randomly categorized into two groups of equal numbers. The study group received low-level laser therapy before aerobic exercises, three sessions/week for 12 weeks, while the control group performed aerobic exercises three times weekly for 12 weeks. All cases received the routine physical treatment program. Aerobic capacity was assessed for both groups by measuring maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion at baseline and twelve weeks following interventions. Findings There was a statistically significant rise in the mean values of maximum oxygen usage and time to fatigue after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups. However, after comparison, the improvements in the study group were statistically significant than those in the control group with (p < 0.01), (p < 0.05) respectively. Conclusion Low-level laser therapy has a beneficial therapeutic impact on promoting aerobic capacity, improving maximum oxygen consumption, and increasing treadmill time in burned cases when preceding aerobic exercises.

Background: Mastectomy after breast cancer is usually accompanied by shoulder dysfunction which interferes with the daily life activities of the patients and causes physical and psychological impairments.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of scapular mobilization and strengthening exercises on shoulder function post mastectomy. Patients and methods: A single blinded randomized controlled trial included forty female patients, their ages ranged from 40 to 55 years suffering from post-mastectomy shoulder dysfunction. They were allocated randomly into two equal groups: the study group (group A), managed by scapular mobilization and strengthening exercises besides their conventional physical therapy program and the control group (group B), managed by the conventional physical therapy program only. Trial was applied for (three sessions/week) and lasted for four weeks. Shoulder pain and impairment, upward rotation of the scapula and shoulder range of motion were measured pre-and post-four-weeks of intervention. Results: after 4 weeks of treatment, percentage of change in shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), upward rotation of scapula, shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation was 34, 103.55, 45.71, 63.19 and 31.41% respectively in the study group and14.77, 58.42, 22.25, 30.30 and 23.40% in the control group, respectively. In all measures, there was a statistically significant difference in favour of the study group (p< 0.001). Conclusion:It could be concluded that adding scapular mobilization and strengthening exercises are more effective in improving shoulder function regarding pain and ROM post-mastectomy than using the conventional physical therapy program only.

Background: Breast cancer survivors frequently experience shoulder pain and decreased range of motion, making their daily activities more difficult. No previous studies have established the results of bee venom phonophoresis in the treatment of shoulder dysfunction post-mastectomy. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate if bee venom phonophoresis has beneficial effects on improving the shoulder pain, dysfunction, and range of motion in post-mastectomy patients.  Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out between November 2021 and April 2022. Forty female patients aging from 40-to 65 years suffering from shoulder dysfunction 3 to 6 months following modified radical mastectomy were randomly divided into two equal-sized groups: a study group (Group A) who received bee venom phonophoresis with pulsed ultrasound around the shoulder and a control group (Group B) who received pulsed ultrasound around the shoulder only. Three consecutive weeks of three sessions per week were devoted to the intervention program. Patients in both groups received their medical care and selected exercise program (shoulder circles figure, arm lifts figure, wand exercise figure, wall climbing& corner wall stretch).

One of the health problems occurring post thyroidectomy is osteoporosis which has a greater impact on the patients' lives as it affects the strength and quality of bone and increases the fracture risk. This study was conducted to identify the beneficial therapeutic effect of weight bearing aerobic exercises and whole-body vibration training on bone mineral density post thyroidectomy and also to compare between their effects. In this study, forty-five patients of both sexes underwent thyroidectomy and had osteoporosis were included. Fifteen patients performed weight bearing aerobic exercises in addition to their routine medications and fifteen patients were trained on whole body vibration in addition to their routine medications, while remaining fifteen cases received only their routine medications. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is used to evaluate the bone mineral density before and after six months of treatment (28 weeks) for all groups. The mean values of BMD of lumbar spine and neck of femur in all groups were significantly increased. The percentages of bone mineral density improvement for lumbar spine and femoral neck in the weight bearing exercise group were 18.63% and 19.82%, in the whole-body vibration group were 22.17% and 29.82%, while in the control group were 7.47% and 3.63%. So, it can be concluded that the weight bearing aerobic exercises and WBV training have a therapeutic beneficial effect on improving the bone mineral density in patient underwent thyroidectomy, but the whole-body vibration was more effective than weight bearing aerobic exercises.

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