Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a progressive, chronic inflammatory illness with an unclear etiology that explicitly targets the vertebral column, peripheral joints, and extraarticular tissues. The purpose of this research was to investigate if the existence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene at positions -1031T/C (rs199964), -857C/T (rs1799724) and -806C/T (rs4248158) in a sample of Iraqi AS patients could influence the patients' outcomes with etanercept. Methods: Sixty patients with established AS receiving only etanercept were selected to enroll in this study, with a mean age of 40.75±8.67 years; 51 patients were male. Patients were classed as "responders" if they obtained a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) 50 clinical response and as "non-responders" if they did not achieve a BASDAI 50 clinical improvement after at least six months of treatment. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product amplification of the purified blood DNA, the promoter region of TNF-α gene SNPs was established by Sanger sequencing. Results: This research found a significant difference in the TT genotype of rs1799964, P = 0.02, in the responder group, in contrast to the TC genotype of rs1799964, which was significantly more frequent in the non-responder group, P = 0.01. The wild TT genotype of rs1799964 seemed to enhance the probability of being a responder. Nevertheless, the heterozygote TC genotype of rs1799964 showed a negative and significant correlation for responsiveness to etanercept. Conclusion: The TT genotype of rs1799964 is associated with a higher likelihood of responding to ETN, suggesting that it is a valuable diagnostic for predicting response in Iraqi AS patients.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, constituting one of the greatest causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 supplements in prevention of preeclampsia among women with high risk. This study was carried out at Shanroy Hospital in al –Sulaimanya city from January 2016 till December 2016.In a single blind clinical trial, a total of 100 pregnant women were divided into two groups, one group had received omega-3 1000 mg and another group receive capsule prefilled with glucose as placebo. Selection criteria include: primipara women, ages under than 20 and above 40 years, previous history of preeclampsia or positive family history, obesity, history of renal disease and hypertension. Demographic profile with pregnancy length and neonatal outcome were recorded. The result of this study showed there was significant difference in development of preeclampsia during current pregnancy between omega-3 and placebo groups and there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between both groups when compare the preeclampsia   in its all forms. In conclusion, omega-3 deems promising drug for prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women with high risk.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, constituting one of the greatest causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 supplements in prevention of preeclampsia among women with high risk. This study was carried out at Shanroy Hospital in al -Sulaimanya city from January 2016 till December 2016.In a single blind clinical trial, a total of 100 pregnant women were divided into two groups, one group had received omega-3 1000 mg and another group receive capsule prefilled with glucose as placebo. Selection criteria include: primipara women, ages under than 20 and above 40 years, previous history of preeclampsia or positive family history, obesity, history of renal disease and hypertension. Demographic profile with pregnancy length and neonatal outcome were recorded. The result of this study showed there was significant difference in development of preeclampsia during current pregnancy between omega-3 and placebo groups and there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between both groups when compare the preeclampsia in its all forms. In conclusion, omega-3 deems promising drug for prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women with high risk.