More people are globally becoming attracted to buying and selling products and services via the internet as the Internet is offering a vast opportunity and an easy way to book packages, search for information and get reviews about services through Customer Generated Content (CGC). It is claimed that both suppliers and consumers are working to push the intermediaries out of the value chain; in order to reduce the costs. The Egyptian tourism market is based on the relation between the three main partners in the supply chain: service providers "upstream partners", tourism intermediaries "downstream partners" and customers. Tourism intermediaries, symbolized in tour operators and travel agencies in Egypt, represent the main partners responsible for marketing and distributing the tourism services. Thereupon, it was of great importance to analyze the current and future situation of those intermediaries, especially in the massive changes resulted from the emergence of the e-marketplaces in the Egyptian tourism market. The study aims at answering some research questions in order to decide which scenario will take place for Egyptian tourism intermediaries amidst the new changes: Disintermediation, Re-intermediations or Cybermediation. A qualitative research approach was used to answer the research questions. In-depth interviews with Egyptian Tourism Intermediaries, represented in traditional Travel Agents (TAs) in Egypt, Egyptian Online TAs (OTAs) and Egyptian Facebook Travel Agencies were conducted to explore the effect of the e-marketplaces on their work. The results showed that the Egyptian intermediaries were greatly affected by the emergence of emarketplaces and are taking serious steps to counteract the disintermediation effect to reintermediate in the market. This was accomplished by introducing innovative products, forming alliances, offering niche products and adopting price differentiation strategies. The study also provides recommendations for stakeholders in the tourism industry to help them in persisting within the changes of e-marketplaces.

Due to the significant global environmental impacts of building construction through water consumption, energy use, gas emission and solid waste, a building's sustainability becomes the fourth consideration after cost, time and quality for the success of its design and construction. The green building standards state that a building is considered environmentally green whenever its structure and expected use simultaneously match the prescribed environmental standards over the span of its life-cycle. Therefore, the life cycle assessment of different buildings was studied to investigate building sustainability and how to achieve the criteria for green buildings. It was shown that a green building does not have a particular construction method, but it is a set of techniques, materials, and technologies suitably integrated together to improve the environmental performance of the building. Thus, this research will focus on steel as the main construction material which can be an appropriate choice that represents interesting solutions to fulfill the green building standards. The characteristics of durability, adaptability and recyclability of steel structures can definitely be highlighted at construction sustainability principles. Otherwise, the Egyptian steel industry has been performing a great effort to accomplish the optimum environmental performance, provide a high structural performance and quality, and satisfy clients' requirements for sustainability. Data from a private steel plant in Egypt has been compiled as a step to complete the Egyptian life cycle inventory so that the steel industry could be environmentally assessed.