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Objective: To evaluate the effects of traditional massage (TM) on spasticity and gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: This randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with recruitment of 86 children (Dropped out= 11; Analyzed= 75) with spastic CP (diplegia) allocated randomly through sealed envelope method to intervention and control group with ages between 2-10 years from September 2016 to August 2018. Both groups received conventional physical therapy (CPT) once daily, five times a week for a period of three months. However, intervention group received TM additionally. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were used to evaluate spasticity and gross motor function at the beginning, after six and 12 weeks of intervention. Data were compared and analyzed through SPSS-20. Results: Mean age in control and intervention group was 6.81±2.31 and 7.05±2.47 years respectively. No statistically significant differences in MAS, GMFM and GMFCS scores were found at base line. The children in intervention group showed statistically significant reduction in MAS scores in all four limbs after six and 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. However, GMFM scores and GMFCS levels did not change significantly in intervention group as compared to control group. Conclusion: It is concluded that TM can effectively reduce the spasticity, does not have harmful effects, so can be administered safely by mothers at home and making it suitable for the management of spastic CP. However, in order to achieve better gross motor function, it should be practiced in conjunction with CPT, functional skills and task oriented approaches. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.478 How to cite this:Mahmood Q, Habibullah S, Babur MN. Potential effects of traditional massage on spasticity and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.478 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Fragility Fracture Integrated Rehabilitation Management (FIRM) on mobility, activity of daily living and cognitive functioning in elderly with hip fracture. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients of both genders with the age 65-95 years, diagnosed cases of hip fracture specifically fractures neck of femur, intertrochanteric, subtrochantric, patients who got bipolar hemiarthroplasty, total hip replacement arthroplasty, reduction and internal fixation were included in this study. A total of n=39 sample was collected through non probability convenience sampling technique and randomly divided into Fragility Integrated Rehabilitation Management (FIRM) group (n=20) and Conventional Physical therapy (CPT) group (n=19). The data was collected through KOVAL for walking ability, modified barthal index (MBI) for behaviors related to activities of daily living (ADLS) and mini mental status examination (MMSE) for cognitive functions at baseline on 2nd postoperative day and after 10th FIRM session on 15th postoperative day. Results: The mean age of study participants was 82.07±6.00 years. The post intervention comparison did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) in walking ability, overall ADLs and cognitive functioning. But FIRM group showed significant improvement in stair climbing {0(5) ver. 2(7.5), p=0.049} and ambulation or walker use {8(5) ver. 2(4), p=0.037}, as compared to CPT group. Conclusion: Both groups improved in indoor mobility with walker and crutches as well as activities of daily living. But FIRM showed more improving ambulation with walker and stair climbing. While cognitive functioning was observed only in FIRM group. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03430193. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03430193. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2412 How to cite this:Aftab A, Awan WA, Habibullah S, Lim JY. Effects of fragility fracture integrated rehabilitation management on mobility, activity of daily living and cognitive functioning in elderly with hip fracture. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------.   doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2412 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cataract extraction is one of the commonest surgical procedures in Ophthalmology globally. Extracapsular cataract extraction ECCE), through a small incision (SICS), with insertion of an intraocular lens has been the most widely used method from 1990s until recently. Technological advances have led to the increasing use of phacoemulsification (PE) to emulsify and remove the lens. The technique requires a smaller incision, but requires substantial capital investment in theatre equipment. In this we compared the visual outcomes of patients undergoing both surgical techniques at a public sector hospital in Mirpur. Study Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Divisional Headquarters Hospital, New Mirpur, AJK. Period: Cataract surgery cases from January 2018 to February 2019. Materials and Methods: 196 patients with age related cataract were included in the SICS group and 115 in the phacoemulsification group. The main comparative outcome was uncorrected visual acuity 4 weeks after surgery. Results: In this study, it was found that the primary post-operative visual outcome for small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification was comparable in terms of uncorrected visual acuity. No statistically significant difference was found in the proportions of SICS and phacoemulsification groups when compared for UCVA of 6/9 or better, 6/60 or better and 6/60 and worse.