Background: COPD is 4th leading cause of death worldwide and predicted to be third by 2030. In India, COPD accounts for 7% of deaths and 3% DALYs loss. Study was conducted to Find the prevalence & determinants of COPD among 35 years & above rural population of Gurugram, Haryana and also determine health seeking behavior & economic burden of COPD cases.Methods: The study was conducted among field practice area of PHC Garhi Harsaru for one year. A total of 1434 individuals 35 years and above of age found in 700 households among were selected by probability proportion to size (PPS) sampling methods. 115 cases detected as cases were matched with equal number of controls matching and Data analyzed.Results: Prevalence of COPD was 8.02 % among 35 years & above age group. Smoking, passive smoking, biomass fuel smoke exposure, occupational exposure to dust/smoke/gas /chemical vapors at work, frequent respiratory infections, family history of COPD were found important determinants of COPD (P<0.05). Physical activity and body mass index were not found significant contributor on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among all COPD patients 87.83% seeks immediate medical help in case of any breathing discomfort. Annual economic burden on COPD case was found to be Rs 14804/-.Conclusions: Smoking, exposure to smoke/dusty /chemical vapors and family history of COPD are main determinant of COPD. Public health planners should concentrate to mitigate these causes.

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem that can cause a number of serious complications. Foot ulceration is one of its most common complications. Poor foot care knowledge and practices are important risk factors for foot problems among diabetics. The present study was undertaken in the diabetes outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital to assess the practices regarding foot care in diabetes, find out the determinants of foot ulcer in diabetics, and offer suggestions to improve care. After informed consent, a total of 124 diabetics were interviewed to collect all relevant information. The diabetic foot care practice responses were converted into scores and for the sake of analysis were inferred as poor (0–5), fair (6-7), and good (>7) practices. Of the study population, 68.5% (85/124) consisted of men. The disease was diagnosed within the last 5 years for 66% (81/124) of the study participants. Of the study subjects, 83% (103/124) were on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), 15.3% (19) on insulin, and 2 on diet control only. Among them about 18.5% had a history of foot ulcer. 37.9% reported using special slippers, 12% diabetics used slippers indoors, and 66.9% used slippers while using toilet. Of the study subjects, 67.8% said that feet should be inspected daily. 27.4% said they regularly applied oil/moisturizer on their feet. There is a need on part of the primary or secondary physician and an active participation of the patient to receive education about foot care as well as awareness regarding risk factors, recognition, clinical evaluation, and thus prevention of the complications of diabetes.

Background: The global health burden from domestic violence against women in reproductive age group is about 9.5 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Women suffering from violence have more chances of suffering from physical, emotional, and mental problems such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The objectives of the present study are to find the prevalence and awareness of domestic violence in an urban slum of Gurugram and to elicit associated risk factors and the reasons for tolerance of domestic violence.Methods: A community based, cross sectional study was conducted among married women (18-45 years) using a semi structured questionnaire in a rural area of Gurugram by systematic random sampling. Sample size collected was 900. Study population was enquired about the awareness regarding domestic violence, self-experience about domestic violence and about the form of violence experienced and the reasons for their tolerance. Data was entered and analyzed using Epi Info ver 7.Results: Total 980 subjects were enquired about their awareness and self-experience of domestic violence. Overall prevalence of domestic violence in the study population was 28%. Prevalence of domestic violence was statistically significantly associated with education, employment, duration of marriage (p value <0.05).The prevalence was highest of emotional violence (40.5%), followed by physical (33.4%), economic (21.4%) and sexual violence (4.7%).Conclusions: Public health professionals should emphasis on measures to raise public awareness so that women can talk freely about domestic violence and its consequences and help in mitigating this medico-social problem.

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