Epidemiological and molecular investigation was conducted on Rotavirus C (RVC), the viral agent documented with rising prevalence rate, disease severity and cross species transmission and large outbreak potential. Fecal specimens of pigs collected from two cities of Maharashtra state, India tested for RVC showed 20.1% detection rate with majority below 3 months of age. No significant difference in detection rates was observed in the specimens collected in 2009 from Northern and in 2013 from Western parts of Maharashtra. The phylogenetic analyses showed presence of the I7 and I10 genotypes of the VP6 gene and representative strains with G1 and E5 genotypes of the VP7 and NSP4 gene respectively. Full genome characterization of a single strain showed presence of G1, P1, I7, R1, C1, M3, A1, N5, T5, E5, H1 genotypes of the VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5 genes respectively. This is the first evidence of detection of porcine RVC in asymptomatic pigs in India as well as with highest detection rate reported in asymptomatic pigs till date globally. Identification of porcine RVC at two time intervals and two different parts of Maharashtra state indicates the possibility of continuous circulation of RVC in pig population through asymptomatic infections.
Asymptomatic infection with Rotavirus C (RVC) at 20 percent detection rate was recorded in pigs from India. Sequencing of the VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of RVC strains identified I7/ I10, G1 and E5 genotypes, respectively. Full genome sequencing of one of these strains revealed additional P1, R1, C1, M3, A1, N5, T5, H1 genotypes, of VP4, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP5 genes, respectively. Detection of porcine RVC strains at two different locations in India and at different time points strongly suggests their continuous circulation in the pig population through asymptomatic infections.
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