The article deals with visualization of heatlines and isotherms during cooling of a hot moving steel plate numerically. The cooling of the plate is assumed using single spray-water jet. The visualization process is carried out by forming and discretizing the governing energy equation based on finite volume method. The linear algebraic equations are solved by tri-diagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA). Accordingly, a numerical code is developed on FORTRAN platform. In the computational domain, a suitable heat transfer region for cooling is identified analyzing the heatline distribution in the domain and depends on the process parameters. Accordingly a parametric study is performed and reveals that effective heat transfer region increases with increasing jet velocity and cooling methods, and decreases with increasing plate velocity.

Compare to the other internal combustion engines, the Diesel engine contributes a considerable part in air pollution; especially by emission of sulfur oxides (SOx) along with NOx, CO, and HC, those have a significant effect on the environment as well as on the human health. In concern to the fact, maintaining of the emissions out of diesel engines into the environment is mandatory; accordingly, a standard for emission regulation is set stringently from the BS-IV to BS-VI in this decade. Under this background, it is essential to look for an alternative method to reduce the emissions. Blending of biofuel with diesel is one of the suitable methods. On the track, most of the research works considered neem and jatropha oil as biofuel for blending. However, use of rice bran oil (RBO) is an interesting option, and rarely considered as a biofuel for the engines. In the present work, thus, the emission of pollutants and performance of a single cylinder Diesel engine with variable compression ratio (VCR) facility, made of Kirloskar, are investigated experimentally powered using blending of rice bran oil (0%, 15% and 30%) with diesel under three suitable compression ratios. It is observed, out of the experimental results, that the emission of major pollutants is less compare to using of pure diesel, together with almost same power output, which is a significant outcome of the research. This work recommends blending of the rice bran oil up to a limit of 30% in diesel and the engine is to be operated at moderate load.

In the present work, the thermal behavior during cooling of a steel strip is predicted numerically. Multiple jets of pressurized water are considered for cooling purposes; they impinge on the surface of the metal strip. The cooling of the metal strip is represented by a steady-state energy conservation equation, where an effective heat transfer coefficient is considered based on jet and strip velocities for jet-surface heat interaction. The numerical simulation is performed using a finite-volume method, and distribution of temperature within the strip is predicted. Subsequently, the effect of strip velocity on the temperature distribution and corresponding cooling rate is studied.

Nowadays, in spite of stringent emission norms, air quality index and fossil resource have been degrading, due to increasing demand of fossil fuel, to meet the direct-indirect requirement of fast-growing population. 2nd generation feedstocks (agricultural residual) based alcohols could add renewability to petroleum-based diesel and reduce diesel engine emissions. This research work sets out to investigate the effect of EGR on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a VCR diesel engine fuelled with ethanol and butanol blended 12% volumetrically in diesel. The test fuel containing 12%v/v of ethanol and butanol (designated as E12D88 and B12D88) in diesel were experimented at 6 different loads (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12Kg) and compared with D100. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B12D88 fuel was similar to that of pure diesel (D100), better than E12D88. NOx emission for B12D88 was higher than E12D88, lower than D100 and increased with increase in load for all tested fuel. HC and CO emission for E12D88 was higher than D100 and B12D88. Combustion duration (CD), maximum in-cylinder pressure (CPmax), maximum neat heat released (NHRmax) and maximum mean gas temperature (MGTmax) for the tested fuels were in the sequence: D100 > B12D88 > E12D88, D100 > B12D88 > E12D88, E12D88 > D100 > B12D88 and E12D88 > D100 > B12D88, respectively. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with 5% and 10% opening were used with B12D88 (designated as B12D88EGR5 and B12D88EGR10). With increase in EGR percentage from 5–10% BTE and BSFC of the B12D88 fuel was improved at higher loading, NOx emission was reduced and was better than E12D88, CO and HC emission increased considerably. With increase in EGR percentage there is drop in CPmax, MGT, ignition delay, NHRmax and increase in CD.

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