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It is known that religiosity is a positive correlate of well-being among adolescents and emerging adults. The current study extends this focus by assessing the roles of self-efficacy and perceived social support, which are presumed to explain the association of religiosity with psychological well-being (PWB). Participants were 331 adolescents and emerging adults (mean age = 21.67 years, SD = 3.92, range = 19–24, 68% male). In addition to correlation analyses, multimediation regression models were analyzed using self-efficacy and perceived social support as two mediators to explain the relationships of religious coping and religious practices with six PWB outcomes. The results from correlation and regression analyses showed that religious coping and religious practices were significant predictors of all PWB outcomes. The findings from multimediation analyses showed that self-efficacy in the presence of perceived social support mediated the relations of both religiosity factors with six PWB outcomes. However, perceived social support in the presence of self-efficacy mediated these relations with only autonomy and self-acceptance. Furthermore, the findings revealed that religious coping compared to religious practices was a stronger predictor of all PWB outcomes, despite similar patterns of mediation effects explaining the independent effects of both.

Violence against women (VAW) is a grave problem in Pakistan, and women from all socioeconomic groups are vulnerable to domestic violence in varying degrees. It is argued that patriarchal definition of gender roles may reinforce the internalized inferiority of women. So, it may not be a mere coincidence that a large number of women in Pakistan justify VAW for various reasons. The objectives of this article are threefold: (a) to identify the drivers of VAW, (b) to see if women's attitudinal acceptance of violence is causally linked with observed violence against women, and (c) to see if attitudinal acceptance of violence mediates between the socioeconomic status of women and observed violence. We used data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13. The sample consisted of 3,265 ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years who were interviewed for domestic violence. We used multivariate logit regression analysis to identify the drivers of VAW and used the Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method for mediation analysis. We found that women's attitudinal acceptance of violence, their childhood experience of violence in their parental household, the education of both husband and wife, and some occupation types significantly predicted their experience of spousal violence. In addition, we found that women's attitudinal acceptance of violence mediated the relationships between socioeconomic factors (education and wealth status) and VAW. The significance of the study lies in the fact that it highlights the need to modify the perceptions of violence through change in educational policy. Among multiple other factors, an increase in the economic status of women is an effective hedge against the risk of spousal violence.

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Previous research in the last 2 decades describes the connection between religiosity and academic outcomes, particularly in Christian samples. The present study was designed to find out the role of Islamic religious beliefs, practices, and positive religious coping in predicting academic motivation above and beyond the effects of demographic and academic-related factors among Muslim university students. Participants were 299 university students (mean age ϭ 19.35 years, SD ϭ 3.21, 68% males) registered under different undergraduate programs. They were assessed on the Islamic Beliefs, Islamic Religious Duty and Obligation, and Islamic Positive Religious Coping and Identification subscales as well as the Global Religiousness scale from the Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiosity. In addition, the Academic Motivation Scale was also administered to assess 3 intrinsic motivation outcomes, 3 extrinsic motivation outcomes, and amotivation. The results showed a significant incremental variance due to a differential contribution of religiosity factors over the demographic and academic factors in predicting type of academic motivation. Nevertheless, the number of siblings and current semester remained significant predictors of academic motivation even in the presence of other stronger predictors. However, moderation analysis showed an interaction effect of semester only in predicting intrinsic motivation to know and to accomplish things and extrinsic motivation of external regulation. It was worth noting that the religiosity level of students was more weakly correlated with extrinsic motivation of external regulation than it was with other motivation constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.