The comrade matrix of a polynomial is an analogue of the companion matrix when the matrix is expressed in terms of a general basis such that the basis is a set of orthogonal polynomials satisfying the three-term recurrence relation. We present the algorithms for computing the comrade matrix, and the coefficient matrix of the corresponding linear systems derived from the recurrence relation. The computing times of these algorithms are analyzed. The computing time bounds, which dominate these times, are obtained as functions of the degree and length of the integers that represent the rational number coefficients of the input polynomials. The ultimate aim is to apply these computing time bounds in the analysis of the performance of the generalized polynomial greatest common divisor algorithms.

Social cognitive learning is where an individual gain knowledge through observation and imitating of others' behaviours in different environment and setting. This method of learning also can be implemented through online learning. Consequently, online learning has shown significant growth recently, as the education combined with internet for providing people with the opportunity to gain new skills. The online learning has become more centric in people live since the COVID-19 outbreak. The pandemic has forced schools, universities, and companies to remote working, and this booms the usage of online learning. Thus, this study aims to explore the social cognitive learning in the online learning environment. This study was conducted by distributing a set of questionnaires to 163 students from higher institutions in Malaysia. The respondents were of age 18 to 32 years from social sciences, and science and technology disciplines and their level of study were from diploma to master's degree. The questionnaires consist of 30 items divided into four sections, namely, learner-centred, community-centred, assessment-centred and knowledge-centred. The findings reported that all factors such as behavioural, cognitive and environment are significant and influence the learning environment. From this result, by integrating the principles of social cognitive learning in the online learning environment, the engagement between students and educators are believed to have positive feedback.

Abstract. Calculus is one of the main courses for the students of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) at tertiary level. Thus, all students who are currently taking this course need to get at least grade C for them to pass the examination. Many educators used to apply tools in their teaching method to make the students understand clearly on the topics given in their syllabus. However, it is very seldom that the effectiveness of the tools being examined. In this paper, the effectiveness of integrating CCMPedia in teaching and learning Calculus 1 is discussed. CCMPedia is an encyclopedia for common calculus mistakes, which was designed by some educators from Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor branch, Malaysia (UiTMJ). By using experimental method, four classes were divided into control group and experimental group. The questions were designed according to pre-knowledge, basic knowledge and Calculus 1. Data was collected from 88 students and the result was analyzed by mixed design analysis to access the effect of time factors between pre-test and post-test and the group effects between control and experimental groups. CCMPedia is found to be one of the good mechanisms to assist students in learning process, particularly in basic knowledge and Calculus 1.

Recently, there is a rising concern among researchers regarding the issue of sustainable criteria for quality of life (QoL). As it gains more interest, the issue becomes highly debated worldwide especially with regards to the national park community area. The aim of this study is to assess the identified sustainable criteria for QoL, particularly for the surrounding community of Ledang National Park (LNP) using the fuzzy Analytical Network Process (ANP). The fuzzy ANP was employed based on graded mean integration of representation and canonical representation of multiple operations to derive both local and global weights. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, three decision makers (DMs) were identified from the relevant agencies to assess three main criteria using linguistic evaluation via pairwise comparison process. In addition, nine sub-criteria were also investigated and analysed thoroughly using six steps of the fuzzy ANP towards achieving the sustainable criteria for QoL assessment. Based on the numerical analysis, it was found that the sub-criterion health(c32) has the highest global weight with a score of 0.184, which indicates that this sub-criterion is the biggest contributor to achieve the sustainability of QoL. The results also revealed the overall total score of 73.14%, thus placing LNP in the ‘moderately sustainable’ category. In the future, the entire investigated sub-criteria are suggested to be maintained and used to measure the sustainability of QoL. The findings from this study can be used to guide and assist the relevant authorities for future development planning in studied areas.

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