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The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the disease that has been identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but the prophylactic treatment of SARS-CoV-2 is still under investigation. The effective delivery of eukaryotic expression plasmids to the immune system’s inductive cells constitutes an essential requirement for generating effective DNA vaccines. Here, we have explored the use of Salmonella typhimurium as vehicles to deliver expression plasmids orally. The attenuated Salmonella phoP was constructed by the one-step gene inactivation method, and plasmid-encoded the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was transform into the Salmonella phoP by electroporation. Western blot experiment was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 expression on 293T cells. Wistar rats were immunized orally with Salmonella that carried a eukaryotic expression plasmid once a week for three consecutive weeks. The ELISA was performed to measure the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG at rat’s serum samples. pSARS-CoV-2 can be successfully expression on 293T cells, and all immunized animals generated immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, indicating that a Salmonella- based vaccine carrying the Spike gene can elicit SARS-CoV-2-specific secondary immune responses in rats. Oral delivery of SARS-CoV-2 DNA vaccines using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium may help develop a protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Brucellosis is a class B infectious disease that is spreading rapidly in Inner Mongolia, China. Investigating the genetics of this disease might provide insights into the mechanism by which the bacteria adapt to their hosts. Here, we report the genome sequence of Brucella melitensis strain BM6144, which was isolated from a human patient.

Objective: To explore the main active components of Hohgardi-9 and its mechanism treating in ALI. Methods: Through searching the TCMSP database, we obtained the main components and action targets of Hohgardi-9, and the targets related to ALI were analyzed as the possible targets of Hohgardi-9. Then, the compound target network was constructed using Cytoscape software and obtained the key compounds of Hohgardi-9 acting on ALI. The blood entering components of Hohgardi-9 were analyzed by metabonomics. Using a string database to investigate the interaction between proteins of possible targets of Hohgardi-9, Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation and Tokyo Encyclopedia of the genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out at the same time to predict its mechanism. Finally, the ALI rat model verified the pharmacodynamic effects and key targets of Huhgridi-9. Results: The network pharmacology and blood component analysis results showed that 27 potentially active components such as quercetin, herbacetin, izoteolin, and columbinetin acetate were the major functional components in Hohgardi-9. Those might act on NF kappa B signalling pathway, toll-like receptor signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway through key targets such as RELA (p65), TLR4, etc. In vivo experiments showed that Hohgardi-9 significantly improved lung tissue injury and pulmonary edema in ALI rats. At the same time, the Hohgardi-9 intervention could significantly reduce the mRNA expression levels of TRL4, TNFa, IL-1 β, and ICAM1 in ALI rats. Conclusion: Hohgardi-9 revealed ALI through the inhibiting inflammatory factor apoptosis-related gene expression.