Background: Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations disrupt the anteroinferior labrum (Bankart lesion), leading to high rates of instability and functional disability, necessitating stabilization. Purpose: To investigate modes and locations of repair failure between simple and horizontal mattress suture configurations after arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors in a cadaveric model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 48 fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders from 48 specimens underwent creation of Bankart lesions from either the 3:00 to 6:00 o’clock position on the right glenoid or the 6:00 to 9:00 o’clock position on the left glenoid. Shoulder laterality between specimens was alternated and randomized to either simple or mattress suture repair configurations. In each shoulder, anchors were placed on the glenoid at the 3:00, 4:30, and 6:00 o’clock positions on the right or 6:00, 7:30, and 9:00 o’clock positions on the left and were secured via standard arthroscopic knot-tying techniques. Specimens were tested in the supine anterior apprehension position using a servohydraulic testing machine that was loaded to failure, simulating a traumatic anterior dislocation. After dislocation, open inspection of specimens was performed, and failure mode and location were documented. Differences in failure mode and location were compared using nominal multivariate generalized estimating equations. Results: Simple suture repairs most frequently failed at the labrum, while mattress suture repair failed at the capsule. Regardless of configuration, repairs failed most commonly at the 3:00 o’clock position on the right shoulder and 9:00 o’clock position on the left shoulder. Compared with mattress suture repairs, simple suture repairs failed at a significantly higher rate at the 6:00 o’clock position. Conclusion: Traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation after arthroscopic Bankart repair in a cadaveric model resulted in simple suture configuration repairs failing most commonly via labral tearing compared with capsular tearing in mattress repairs. Both repair configurations failed predominately at the anterior anchor position, with simple suture repairs failing more commonly at the inferior anchor position. Clinical Relevance: Horizontal mattress suture configurations create a larger area of repair, decreasing the risk of repair failure at the labrum. The extra time required for mattress suture placement at the inferior anchor position is used effectively, resulting in lower biomechanical failure rates.

Anterior ankle impingement (AAI) results from repetitive microtrauma leading to pain and decreased dorsiflexion due to spur formation and synovial hypertrophy. Information about the prevalence of anterior spur formation in a large population, and the individual contributions of the talus and tibia to osseous impingement, is limited. A total of 670 ankle specimens from 344 individuals (n = 111 females, n = 233 males) aged 20 to 40 years at the time of death were examined. Matching tibia and talus were opposed and any spurring causing impingement was recorded. Spur locations were measured and ratios calculated to allow for inter-specimen comparison between: (1) medial-to-lateral and anterior-to-posterior spur location versus dimensions of talar neck width, and (2) medial-to-lateral spur location to dimensions of distal anterior tibial width. Differences in spur prevalence in relation to sex, race, height and age were identified by univariant and multivariable statistical analyses. Bony impingement was observed in 21% (n = 72) of specimens, with bilateral involvement in 8% (n = 27). For ankles with AAI, spurs were seen on the talus only in 61%, on the tibia only in 14%, and on both the tibia and talus in 26%. Spurs were significantly more prevalent in males (P = 0.001) and with increasing specimen age (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences related to specimen height or race. Spurs were predominately located on the anterolateral talus (78%) and the anterolateral portion of the distal tibial margin (80%). AAI was present in 21% of young osseous specimens and was significantly more prevalent in males and with increasing specimen age. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.