BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. It is the leading cause of of end stage renal disease, non-traumatic limb amputation and adult blindness. The studies have shown that complications of DM can be prevented by the proper control of blood glucose, which is dependent on the patient's adherence to medication, life style modification, frequent monitoring of blood glucose etc. and can be influenced by proper education and counseling of the patient. The patients with DM should receive education about exercise, care of DM during illness and medications to lower plasma glucose 1. This study aims to assess the impact of patients counseling on the medication adherence in type 2DM. METHOD: This is a prospective randomized study that includes 100 patients with type 2 DM in the outpatient department of internal medicine in a tertiary care teaching hospital, north Kerala. After getting informed consent, they were kept in two groups by simple randomization technique and were assessed and followed at 4 weeks interval. Data related to the medication adherence was collected using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale questionnaire (MMAS-8). RESULTS: Out of 100 patients 33% were male and 67% female. Both baseline and 1 st follow up showed a low adherence value (<6) both in control and intervention group. In the second follow up most of the patients in intervention group showed a moderate adherence (6-8), whereas control group did not show any improvement. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is a stastically significant improvement in the adherence level after patient counseling and education. Knowledge about the disease and treatment has improved the patient's adherence to medication.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious hazard to public health that demands urgent preventive measures. It threatens the effective management of ever increasing infections caused by pathogens. This study is done to find out the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) isolated from sputum and to highlight the evolving antimicrobial resistance. A total of 500 sputum samples were collected from patients who presented with respiratory tract infections (RTI) and examined. Nearly 30% of the samples were culture positive for various organisms. The most common pathogen isolated was K. Pneumoniae. Other organisms were Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas species. K. Pneumoniae was found to be most sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin and Gentamicin. Considering the antimicrobial susceptibility, cost and side effect profile, Ciprofloxacin and Cotrimoxazole are preferred drugs for outpatient treatment, while aminoglycosides are preferred for inpatient treatment of K. Pneumoniae infections.