A survey was conducted among 692 Australian 13-to 16-year-olds to examine aspects of their Internet use and, in particular, their exposure to inappropriate material and behaviors online and their online safety practices. Significant differences were found in the amount of exposure to inappropriate material or behaviors online according to sex and frequency of usage, with males and more frequent Internet users showing greater exposure. No differences were found according to whether blocking or filtering software was installed. Significant differences in online safety practices were also found, with younger participants (13-to 14-year-olds) and those participants whose parents had not discussed Internet safety with them being less safety conscious.
This chapter has four sections: 1. General and Prose; 2. The Novel; 3. Poetry; 4. Drama. Section 1 is by Bysshe Inigo Coffey; section 2 is by Colette Davies and Ruby Hawley-Sibbett; section 3 is by Michael Falk and Shane Greentree; section 4 is by Miranda Kiek.
Mary Hays's Female Biography (1803) stands as a good example of collective biography, and a landmark in women's history writing. Scholarly debate continues on whether this epic text further develops Enlightenment feminism or marks a retreat from 1790s radicalism into early nineteenth-century domesticity. I wish to reexamine this question and argue for Female Biography being continuous with feminist thought by reading it as a critical response to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile (1763). Rousseau's restrictive ideal of female education was widely repudiated by 1790s feminist writers, and Hays's work can also be seen in this light, for her biographies present a strikingly opposed view of the proper education of women. To this end, I examine Hays's innovative depiction of childhood education, and the great emphasis she places upon her subjects' reading and intellectual development. In opposition to Rousseau, she argues for the importance of rational education for women to develop their true potential. To examine this contrast further, I conclude by examining “Catherine Macaulay Graham,” among the most revealing statements of Hays's rationalist feminism. Through comparing Hays's depiction of Macaulay's upbringing with that of the fictional Sophie, in particular, Macaulay's reading practices and rejection of the “customary avocations of her sex and age,” Hays makes her into an apt symbol of her broader vision, into somebody who prospers specifically by consciously refusing a Rousseauian childhood.
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