The study on the deposition efficiency of pesticide droplets on soybean leaves can provide the basis for reducing pesticide quantity and increasing pesticide efficiency during the application of soybean plant protection machinery. The movement behavior of droplet impinges on the plant leaf surface is affected by many factors, among which the most important and the easiest to adjust are spray droplet size and impingement velocity. By changing the droplet size and impact velocity and using Fluent simulation software, the pesticide droplet hitting the soybean leaf surface was simulated and a test platform was established to verify the simulation results. The conclusions are as follows: The longitudinal roughness of soybean leaves is higher than the transverse roughness, the longitudinal pressure of soybean leaves is higher than the transverse pressure during the impact process, and the velocity of droplet spreading along the longitudinal is lower than that of spreading along the transverse; although soybean leaf surface has high adhesion, droplet losses still exist when droplet impact velocity is relatively high. The maximum spreading diameter of the droplet increases first and then decreases with the increase of impact velocity. At the same time, the maximum spreading diameter of droplet increases with the increase of particle size. The droplet deposition was best at 1.34 m/s impact velocity and 985 μm particle size. This conclusion can provide optimal operation parameters for soybean plant protection operation which can be used to guide soybean plant protection operation, improve control effect, reduce quantity and increase efficiency.

In this paper, the hinge in the articulated structure is studied, the gap hinge is described as a nonlinear bilateral constraint, and the equivalent modeling and analysis of the hinge connection collision vibration are carried out based on the Lankarani–Nikravesh nonlinear contact force model. With the help of the method of nonlinear system dynamics analysis research, the Poincaré mapping of hinge joint collision vibration is constructed, the bifurcation diagram of the system with different parameters is solved, and the variation law of the system motion and the influence of parameters are analyzed by combining the time response diagram, phase diagram, Poincaré cross section diagram, and spectrum diagram of the typical motion of the system. The simulation results show that the system moves in a single degree of freedom and varies with parameters with multiplicative period bifurcation and rubbing edge bifurcation leading to chaos; the system’s periodic motion has shock state mutation and mirror jump transformation.

The current study took Henan Wufeng New Energy Science Technology Co. Ltd as an example to investigate a large‐scale steam heating system with biomass briquette fuel in Henan, China. Drawn on several months of field research, the economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions for peanut shell straw collection, transportation, storage and burning at Henan Wufeng New Energy Science Technology Co. Ltd were analyzed in 2021. Moreover, the economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions were used as evaluation indicators to evaluate the biomass molding fuel supply system systemically. Economic analysis shows that the steam heating system can make a profit of 1.72 × 106 yuan per year, and the input–output ratio (ROI) is 93.87%, which is much higher than the benchmark input–output ratio (30%). The very high ROI indicates that the system is difficult to operate in an economically feasible manner. Greenhouse gas emission analysis demonstrates that at the same heating level, the system can save 4.42 × 107 kg of standard coal and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases to the environment by 1.25 × 105 tCO2eq, which has significant environmental benefits. Taken together, the government should adopt effective economic policies to promote the efficient use of biomass straw and support biomass straw recycling and heating enterprises. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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