Background: In the past decade it has become obvious that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing very rapidly. Unless necessary and appropriate action is taken, it is predicted that there will be at least 350 million people in the world with type 2 diabetes by the year 2030. The aim of the study was to assess the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among fisherman community in Beypore area of Kozhikode.The objectives of the study were to identify the total number of participants with abnormal random blood sugar among Beypore fisherman community of Calicut; to identify risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients among Beypore fisherman community of Calicut. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among fisherman colony of Beypore area, Calicut. All the eligible participants according to inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. An pretested and piloted Finnish Diabetes questionnaire modified according to local settings was used to map the screened participants. As the first step, history and basic anthropometry measurements was taken. Then each participant underwent physical examination. Further random blood glucose was calculated using strip glucometric method. Once confirmed, the treatment for type 2 diabetes was started. Results: Overall prevalence was found to be 29.23%. Prevalence of T2DM was significantly associated with age i.e. as age increases there is the risk of developing T2DM and p value was found to be significant. Conclusions: Age, educational status, central obesity and addiction are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Context: Tobacco is the foremost cause of preventable death in the world. Tobacco use causes a wide range of major diseases which impact nearly every organ of the body. Tobacco is not only causing cancers, heart diseases and lung diseases but also responsible for overall ill-health increasing visits to health centres. Kerala even though has better health indicator values than rest of country. Tobacco use is highly prevalent in the state of Kerala. Aim: To study association between tobacco use and ill-health (visit to health services for treatment of any illness). Material and Methods: Case control study was conducted in rural area of Kerala. Fifty patients visiting Community health centre for medical care for any illness other than accidents and injuries formed cases and 150 apparently healthy age, sex, etc. matched individuals from general population in field practice area formed controls. Cases and controls were interviewed using predesigned questionnaire to know tobacco consumption practices among them. Statistical analysis used: Data was analysed using SPSS 16. Percentages, t test, chi-square test and odds ratio were used. Results: In the present study 80% cases were tobacco users; while 64% controls were tobacco users. In the present study use of tobacco was significant risk factor for overall ill-health (odds ratio 2.25 [1.04-4.85]). Ill health was significantly associated with number of cigarettes smoked and mean years of smoking. Conclusions: Tobacco use is responsible for overall ill-health increasing visits to health centre. It also causes economic loss.
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