Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that adiponectin, a major adipocyte secretory protein, has insulinsensitizing and anti-atherogenic properties and protects against later development of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the association of adiponectin with insulin resistance, blood lipids and type 2 diabetes in non obese central Indian population. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in 149 (81 male and 68 female) newly diagnosed non obese type 2 diabetic patients and 157 (85 male and 72 female) age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls. Results: Adiponectin level (p<0.0001) was significantly lower in the diabetic group than in non diabetic control. In an age, gender and BMI adjusted model, adiponectin level was significantly negatively correlated with waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p= 0.0034), HbA1C, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides (p<0.0001) and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p =0.0014) in non obese type 2 diabetic group. However, there was no significant correlation between adiponectin and glucose in this study. In stepwise linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounder, significant inverse association was observed between serum adiponectin level and HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio, lower adiponectin was independently associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Lower adiponectin levels in non obese type 2 diabetic patients were significantly related to the increased insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and presence of type 2 diabetes, independently of overall and abdominal adiposity, thereby suggesting a direct link between adiponectin and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human.

Background: Recent studies in human have indicated possible pathophysiologic mechanisms to support the biologic plausibility of an association between sleep deprivation and future cardiovascular risk. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory markers are elevated in sleep-deprived individuals. However, the relationship between sleep duration and inflammatory markers is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between selfreported sleep duration, sleep quality, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels among medical students of a medical college in Chhattisgarh, India. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Students (94 male, 56 female) of Government Medical College, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh in the age group of 20 to 30 years were randomly enrolled in the present study. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose and hs-CRP. Sleep duration and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: In the present study, a significant variation in serum hs-CRP levels with different sleep categories was observed (P<0.0001), with the hs-CRP levels being highest (Mean ± SD; 1.13±0.85 mg/L) in short duration (<6 hours) followed by long duration (>8hours) sleepers (Mean± SD; 0.79±0.41mg/L). In both linear and logistic regression analysis model adjusted for various risk factors for cardiovascular disease, short sleep duration was significantly associated with elevated serum hs-CRP levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that inflammatory mechanisms may play a role in the cardiovascular risk associated with sleep deprivation.

Let f(z) be a transcendental meromorphic function in the finite complex plane. Let P(f) denote the homogeneous differential polynomial in f. As in Hayman [5], such functions will be called differential polynomials in f. Thus a differential polynomial P in f is the sum of a finite number of