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Background and Objectives: Fractures of distal radius are commonly encountered in orthopedic emergency. Various treatment methods are available including closed reduction and immobilization in cast, percutaneous pinning, pins and plaster, external fixation, open reduction and internal fixation with or without bone graft or substitute. There are no clear guidelines to follow. The aim of this study is to compare the radiological and functional outcome of distal radius fracture treated conservatively with cast alone. Material and Methods: Sixty patients suffering from extra articular distal radius fracture were recruited for study. They were all treated conservatively with cast alone. They were followed up for 6 months. The radiological outcome in terms of dorsal angulation, radial length, radial angulation and ulnar variance and functional outcome in terms of Mayo wrist score was assessed. Results: At 6 months follow up dorsal angulation, radial length, radial angulation and ulnar variance were - 5±3.20 degrees, 7.80±0.77mm, 20.47±2.29 degrees and 1.27±0.77 respectively. Functionally 20 patients had good outcome, 32 patients had satisfactory outcome and 8 patients had poor outcome in terms of Mayo wrist scores. Conclusion: Conservative management with cast is an effective treatment modality for Frykmans type I and II Colles fracture with satisfactory functional and radiological outcome.

Flood is one of the most frequently occurring and devastating disasters in Nepal. Several locations in Nepal are at high risk of flood, which requires proper guidance on early warning and safe evacuation of people to emergency locations through optimal routes to minimize fatalities. However, the information is limited to flood hazard mapping only. This study provides a comprehensive flood susceptibility and evacuation route mapping in the Siraha Municipality of Nepal where a lot of flood events have occurred in the past and are liable to happen in the future. The flood susceptibility map was created using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) over nine flood conditioning factors. It showed that 47% of the total area was highly susceptible to flood, and the remaining was in the safe zone. The assembly points where people would gather for evacuation were selected within the susceptible zone through manual digitization while the emergency shelters were selected within a safe zone such that they can host the maximum number of people. The network analysis approach is used for evacuation route mapping in which the closest facility analysis proposed the optimum evacuation route based on the walking speed of evacuees to reach the emergency shelter place considering the effect of slope and flood on the speed of the pedestrian. A total of 12 out of 22 suggested emergency shelters were within 30 min, 7 within 60 min, and 2 within 100 min walk from the assembly point. Moreover, this study suggests the possible areas for further shelter place allocations based on service area analysis. This study can support the authorities’ decision-making for the flood risk assessment and early warning system planning, and helps in providing an efficient evacuation plan for risk mitigation.

A field experiment was conducted at the agronomy block of National Cattle Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during the soybean growing season of fiscal year 2015. The objective of this study was to analyze oil concentration of soybean seed and also evaluate the yield performance and its correlation to yield components. Layout of field was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within three replications and comprised of 15 accessions. Laboratory analysis for oil concentration was done in the Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, Kathmandu by Soxhlet apparatus. There was significant variation in oil concentration found among the test accessions. The highest average oil concentration was found in TGX1990- 110FN (17.95%) followed by TGX1989-68FN (17.41%) and TGX1990-106FN (17.31%) while the highest yield was produced by IITA accession TGX1990-52F (4.30t/ha) followed by TGX1989-48FN (3.87t/ha) and TGX1989-45F (3.74t/ha). Correlation between the different yield attributing traits like days to 50% flowering, days to pod setting, days to maturity, plant height, seeds per ten pods, nodes per plant, number of branches and hundred seed weight with the yield was observed. The result showed the significant positive correlation towards the yield. Based on the above mentioned traits and the ranges of oil concentration can be given prime importance to enhance the breeding programs.

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