Algunos microbios beneficiosos para el suelo ayudan en el establecimiento y crecimiento de plantas medicinales exóticas. Por lo tanto, evaluamos la presencia y el estado de la asociación de endófitos de raíces [hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (AM) y hongos endofíticos septados oscuros (DSE)] en diez especies de plantas medicinales exóticas cultivadas en Nilgiris de los Ghats occidentales. El alcance de las variables endófitas de hongos y las características del pelo de la raíz difirieron significativamente entre las plantas medicinales. Se identificaron seis morfotipos de esporas de hongos AM en las muestras de suelo. Por lo tanto, este estudio indicó la asociación de plantas medicinales exóticas con hongos nativos AM y DSE que podrían explotarse para promover el crecimiento y aumentar la producción de metabolitos secundarios en estas especies de plantas. Some soil beneficial microbes help in the establishment and growth of exotic medicinal plants. Therefore, we evaluated the presence and status of root endophyte [arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi] association in ten exotic medicinal plant species cultivated in the Nilgiris of the Western Ghats. The AM fungi colonized all the examined plant species and eight plants had the co-occurrence of DSE fungi. The extent of fungal endophyte variables and root hair characteristics significantly differed among the medicinal plants. Six AM fungal spore morphotypes were identified in the soil samples. Thus, this study indicated the association of exotic medicinal plants with native AM and DSE fungi which could be exploited to promote growth and increase secondary metabolite production in these plant species.
<p>The mycobiont and whole thallus cultures of Roccella montagnei Bel. were established using soredia as an inoculum.The mycobiont<br />cultures showed optimum growth, biomass and biosynthesis of compounds in Lilly and Barnett medium with glucose as a carbon source,<br />micronutrients and vitamins. After the incubation period of 180 days, the cultures were harvested, and their biomass and secondary<br />compound profiles were analysed. The HPTLC chromatogram of the acetone extract of the NT and mycobiont cultures revealed erythrin<br />as the major biosynthesized compound in both and identified as a key biosynthate by R. montagnei. Further, the NT biosynthesized 5<br />additional compounds and the mycobiont cultures biosynthesized 6 additional compounds. The molecular identity of the cultured<br />mycobiont was confirmed using nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) as well as the secondary chemistry. Lichen<br />compound erythrin was identified as a key biosynthate by the cultures.<br />Key word:-Roccella montagnei, Mycobiont, Whole thallus culture, Soredia, Erythrin.<br />Abbreviation: - NT, Natural thallus; MYC, Mycobiont culture; WTC, Whole thallus culture; UV, Ultra violet wave length; HPTLC,<br />High performance thin layer chromatography; ITS, Internal transcribed spacer.</p><p> </p><p><a id="pub-id::doi" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.21756/cba.v0i.11014">http://dx.doi.org/10.21756/cba.v0i.11014</a></p>
The vegetative anatomy of Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb., and Elaeocarpus variabilis Zmarzty were investigated to illustrate anatomical variations. Plant materials were free-hand sectioned using a razor blade and stained with different staining solutions. The maceration technique was used to assess stomatal characteristics. Elaeocarpus leaves have abaxial epidermis with paracytic stomata and curved anticlinal walls in E. angustifolius, straight walls in other two species. Trichomes were absent in E. angustifolius.hav Mesophyll dorsiventral, midvein cortex contains starch grains, and vascular tissues enclosed by thick-walled sclerenchymatous cells. The petioles of all the three species possess unicellular epidermal hairs, collenchymatous hypodermis, and cortex containing druses and crystals, and vascular tissue enclosed by sclerenchymatous fibers. Water-storage cells are absent in petioles of E. angustifolius. Anatomical features of Elaeocarpus stem include epidermal hairs, epidermis covered by thin cuticle, the collenchymatous hypodermis and vascular integrity with entire cylinder enclosed by sclerenchymatous fibers. Pith contains water-storage cells. Starch grains absent in the pith cells of E. tuberculatus. The roots of Elaeocarpus possess unicellular root hairs, cortex 12-14 layered in E. tuberculatus and E. variabilis and 10-12 layerd E. angustifolius, Endodermis O-thickened and pericycle single-layered in all the examined Elaeocarpus species. Vascular bundles are arranged radially. Lignin deposition occurred in stellar region of roots. Water-storage cells present in the stelar regions of E. variabilis.The study revealed significant anatomical differences between the three Elaeocarpus species and most of these anatomical features may be used as markers for the identification of these species. Research Highlights• Comparative anatomy of three south Indian Elaeocarpus was studied.• Leaf mesophyll layers varied in all the Elaeocarpus species.• Crystals was present in petiole of all examined Elaeocarpus species.• Starch grains was absent in stems of E. tubercuatus, but present in E. variabilis.• Water-storage cells observed in stellar region of E. variabilis.
Only a small number of aroids are examined for their symbiosis with glomeromycotean arbuscular mycorrhizal (GAM) fungi and the ascomycetous dark septate endophytic (DSE) fungi. Therefore we examined the aerial and terrestrial adventitious roots of Epipremnum aureum for the endophytic association and the soils for GAM spores. The aerial roots of E. aureum were free from fungal structures, whereas the terrestrial roots were colonized by GAM, fine root endophyte (FRE), and DSE fungi. The major portion of the terrestrial roots was colonized by FRE fungi followed by GAM and DSE fungi. The colonization pattern was a complex of Arum-Paris and intermediate types. Spores of Acaulospora, Funneliformis, Rhizophagus, Rhizophagus and Sclerocystis were isolated from the root zone soils. The results show that E. aureum can establish symbiosis with a wide range of endophytic fungi and FRE symbiosis is reported for the first time in aroids.
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