IntroductionSodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, the newest class of oral therapies approved for type 2 diabetes (T2D), decrease plasma glucose levels by inhibiting renal proximal tubular glucose reabsorption (1). These drugs have attractive clinical efficacy profiles, including glycemic control, weight loss, and decreased blood pressure. SGLT2 inhibitors have also been reported to decrease the risks of major adverse BACKGROUND. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the most recently approved class of drugs for type 2 diabetes and provide both glycemic efficacy and cardiovascular risk reduction. A number of safety issues have been identified, including treatment-emergent bone fractures. To understand the overall clinical profile, these safety issues must be balanced against an attractive efficacy profile. Our study was designed to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms mediating treatment-emergent adverse effects on bone health.

Interrupting sedentary time with brief moderate-intensity walking improved short-term metabolic function in non-overweight children without increasing subsequent energy intake. These findings suggest that interrupting sedentary behavior may be a promising prevention strategy for reducing cardiometabolic risk in children.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01778556FUNDING. This research was supported by the intramural research program of the NIDDK.

Background: Self-reported short sleep duration is associated with greater risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, and higher energy intake (EI). However, studies of these associations in children using objective methods are sparse. Objectives: To determine the associations for sleep patterns with MetS indices, body composition, and EI using objective measures in children. Methods: Free-living sleep and physical activity were measured in 125 children (aged 8–17y, BMI-z=0.57±1.0, 55% female) using wrist-worn actigraphs for 14 nights. Blood pressure, fasting blood levels of lipids, insulin, glucose, waist circumference, and body composition (DXA) were obtained during outpatient visits. EI was assessed during an ad libitum buffet meal. Results: Later weekday and weekend bedtimes were associated with higher systolic blood pressure (ps<.05). Sleep duration and bedtime were not significantly associated with other components of MetS, body composition, or EI. Short sleepers (duration <7h) consumed a greater percentage of carbohydrates than those with adequate (≥7h) sleep (p<.05). Conclusion: Indicators of sleep duration were variably associated with children’s eating patterns and risk for chronic disease. Prospective data are needed to determine whether these indicators of sleep quality represent unique or shared risk factors for poor health outcomes.

Interrupting sitting with brief moderate-intensity walking improved glucose metabolism without significantly increasing energy intake in children with overweight or obesity. Interrupting sedentary behavior may be a promising intervention strategy for reducing metabolic risk in such children.