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and H2) were recognized from MV cases during 1992-2007. Viruses of genotype H1 and D3 are implicated as indigenous strains in Taiwan. In Taiwan, one-dose measles immunization program began in 1978, and two-dose policy started in 1984. Two catch-up campaigns were implemented in 1992-1994 and 2002-2004 separately. The vaccine coverage rate with 1st dose MV (for 12-15 months) and 2nd dose MMR (for 6 years old) was over 90% and 95% since 1996. The multiple genotypes and sporadic cases discovered after 2003 (except 2 cases in 2005) were all imported. The measles mass vaccination program has successfully interrupted the transmission of indigenous MV in Taiwan.

Maximal inspiratory pressure (PIMAX) reflects inspiratory weakness in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD). However, static pressure tests may not reveal specific respiratory muscle adaptations to disruptions in breathing. We hypothesized that dynamic respiratory muscle functional tests reflect distinct ventilatory compensations in LOPD. We evaluated LOPD (n = 7) and healthy controls (CON, n = 7) during pulmonary function tests, inspiratory endurance testing, dynamic kinematic MRI of the thorax, and ventilatory adjustments to single-breath inspiratory loads (inspiratory load compensation, ILC). We observed significantly lower static and dynamic respiratory function in LOPD. PIMAX, spirometry, endurance time, and maximal diaphragm descent were significantly correlated. During single-breath inspiratory loads, inspiratory time and airflow acceleration increased to preserve volume, and in LOPD, the response magnitudes correlated to maximal chest wall kinematics. The results indicate that changes in diaphragmatic motor function and strength among LOPD subjects could be detected through dynamic respiratory testing. We concluded that neuromuscular function significantly influenced breathing endurance, timing and loading compensations.

Quadrivalent HPV vaccination can reduce HPV disease events, resource use and costs when administered to a broad population of young women 16 to 23 years of age. Prevention of HPV types 6 and 11 yielded similar value in terms of HPV disease cost offsets, compared to protection against HPV 16 and 18, during the years initially after vaccination. Over the short-term, costs of vaccination exceed cost offsets associated with prevention of HPV disease; however, quadrivalent HPV vaccination has previously been shown to be cost-effective in the longer term, when fully accounting for health benefits and cost offsets.

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