This project examined whether a history of reinforced relational responding would result in derived requesting skills in 3 adults with disabilities. Participants were first taught to request preferred items using pictures; they were then taught conditional discriminations between pictures and their dictated names and between dictated names and their corresponding text. Finally, requests for preferred items using corresponding text were evaluated. All 3 participants demonstrated derived requesting skills.

We describe how PowerPoint presentation software can be used to create computer activity schedules to teach individuals with special needs. Presented are the steps involved in creating activity schedules with close-ended and open-ended activities, and for preparing schedules that include photos, sounds, text, and videos that can be used to occasion an individual's engagement in a variety of learning activities.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the generalization and long-term retention of equivalence relations in individuals with mental retardation . To date, the generalization of equivalence relations to a range of novel stimuli has only been demonstrated among verbally competent adults. The responding of many individuals with mental retardation often fails to come under control of relevant stimulus features and fails to generalize to novel stimuli. Thus, we assessed whether the generalization of stimulus equivalence would occur in the absence of remedial training for 4 adults with mild or moderate mental retardation. Subjects learned 6 conditional discriminations and were tested for the emergence and generalization of 3 symmetry and 3 equivalence relations . Subjects were also tested for their retention of the relations approximately 1 -4 months following their last laboratory session. All subjects showed the emergence and generalization of all of the relations in the absence of remedial training, and most showed the long-term retention of the relations. Accuracy improved during the retention test as a function of repeated testing for some subjects.The generalization of equivalence relations to a range of novel stimuli has been reported a number of times in studies utilizing verbally competent, adult human subjects

The current study examines the utility of a range of behavioral strategies involving group and individual performance feedback for direct care staff in an in-patient acquired brain injury setting. We first assessed the level of staff completion of behavioral programs for persons with brain injury who resided in one of two residential houses. A weekly percentage score for the entire house was obtained that reflected the completion of behavior programs in each residence. In a multiple baseline fashion across houses we varied the types of feedback intervention introduced to staff, which included in-service training on the importance of completing behavior programs, a weekly public posting of overall program completion by house, and a weekly public posting of completion of programs by specific staff members.

Functional analyses were conducted on four adults with acquired brain injuries who regularly displayed instances of inappropriate verbal behavior including depressive, aggressive, suicidal, profane, and sexually inappropriate utterances. After the functional analysis yielded a maintaining variable for each participant, a function-based intervention consisting of differential reinforcement of alternative verbal behavior was implemented. Results of the behavioral interventions show that instances of vocal behavior can be assessed and subsequently treated using the functional analysis methodology often reserved for nonverbal forms of behavior. The utility of functional analysis for assessing complex human behavior is discussed.