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Chapter 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………. 22 1.1.Fungi in general 1.2.History on Coprinopsis cinerea as a model organism 1.3.Life cycle of C. cinerea 1.4.Fruiting body development 1.5.Genetic and environmental regulator in the fruiting process 1.6.Self-compatible AmutBmut and other mutants 1.7.Aims of the study 1.8.Outcome of the study 1.9. References Chapter 2. Two alternative routes of development: early decisions ………………… 62 Subchapter 2.1. Pathway committed to fruiting: secondary hyphal knot formation...64 2.1.1. Abstract 2.1.2. Introduction 2.1.3. Materials and methods 2.1.3.1. Strains, media and standard cultivation conditions 2.1.3.2. Cultivation for the study of primary hyphal knot and microscopy 2.1.3.3. Cultivation for the observation of secondary hyphal knots, primordia and mature carpophores 2.1.3.4. Photography 2.1.4. Results 2.1.4.1 Primary hyphal knot formation in dark 2.1.4.2. Light induced secondary hyphal knot formation 2.1.4.3. Detail observation on Sk formation 2.1.4.4. Secondary hyphal knot formation in homokaryon AmutBmut and dikaryon PS1X2 at 25 °C under a normal day/night rhythm, observed first at 12 h after putting the plates into fruiting conditions 5 2.1.4.4.1. Observation for the homokaryon AmutBmut 2.1.4.4.2Observation for the dikaryon PS1X2 2.1.5. Discussion 2.1.5.1. The term primary and secondary hyphal knots in the literature 2.1.5.2. Techniques to obtain Pks and Sks 2.1.5.3. Origin of knots from single or multiple hyphae? 2.1.5.4. Observation on the formation of Sks in the current study 2.1.5.5. Terminology of hyphal knots 2.1.6. Conclusion 2.1.7. References Subchapter 2.2. Sclerotia formation as an alternate development pathway to fruiting in Coprinopsis cinerea …………………………………………………… 88 2.