Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy is a treatable risk factor for preterm delivery. India accounts for the highest preterm birth incidence in the world according to the WHO census released in November 2016. This study was aimed at finding the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria, the spectrum of bacteria involved and the susceptibility pattern for the antimicrobials in the antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital in urban Southern India.Methods: One hundred and eighty ante-natal patients without symptoms of ongoing urinary tract infection were enrolled to this study. Clean midstream urine sample was collected in a wide mouthed container and sample was analyzed by standardized microbiological testing techniques.Results: Out of the 180 ante-natal women included in the study, 11(6.1%) patients were found to have insignificant bacteriuria and 38(21.1%) had a significant bacteriuria. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism and about 95% of the organisms were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin.Conclusions: More than a fifth of all pregnant women have ASB and E. coli is the most frequent pathogen encountered.

Background: Studies suggesting that increasing carbohydrate intolerance among patients not meeting the criteria for the diagnosis of GDM by two step OGTT leads to an increased rate of unfavourable maternal and perinatal outcomes. Patients with abnormal GCT results but a normal OGTT are at increased risk, as are those with one abnormal OGTT value rather than the two required for diagnosis by ADA criteria. Single value of one step GTT is enough to diagnose GDM and to improve the maternal and perinatal complications. The objective is to compare the efficacy of one step OGTT with two step OGTT in screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: Hospital based analytical cross-sectional study which was conducted for 1 year among all pregnant women booked at government medical college, Alappuzha. They were subjected to detect GDM by 2 methods at 24-28 weeks.Results: 2521 pregnant women were subjected for study, among them who were either 75 gm GTT or 50 gm GCT or both positive (332 pregnant women) were analyzed. 232 women (69.88%) were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by single step 75 gm GTT. Sensitivity of single step GTT was 92.4% and a false negative rate of the same was 7.6%.  False negative rate for 50 gm GCT was 35.2%.Conclusions: Present study concluded that this one step procedure is feasible in terms of better detection rates, saving time, limiting cost on repeated visits to health centre and reducing repeated invasive sampling. Single step GTT will be used both as a screening and a diagnostic procedure for detecting GDM.

Objective: To determine the instrument preference among obstetricians practicing operative vaginal deliveries and to determine the prevalence and risks of vacuum or forceps Assisted Vaginal Delivery (AVD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in ACS Medical and Hospital, Chennai. A total of 520 obstetricians were included in the study. An online questionnaire was sent to all obstetricians in Chennai. The choice of procedure for specific circumstances, instrument preference [use of vacuum or forceps] and views on the complications encountered in both vacuum and forceps use at vaginal delivery were explored. For the replies, we computed means and percentages for the entire group and distinct subgroups. Risk assessment of outcome with exposure as suitable p-value was included in the statistical analysis. Results: Response rate for the questionnaire was 97% (504/520). The findings suggest that obstetricians preference was more towards vacuum due to their ease of usage.   Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Failed vacuum due to slipping of the cup was the most common complication faced - 62%, followed by caput succedaneum 25%, both were statistically significant. The most significant finding was that maternal injuries in the vacuum group were only 2% which was way less than those who had forceps delivery (68%) with a p-value of < 0.001. Conclusion: In this research, physician instrument choice is a significant predictor of results that should be taken into account. Use of vacuum for delivery seemed to be the choice of majority of obstetricians [334 (66%)]. Vacuum extractor rather than forceps for assisted delivery appears to reduce maternal morbidity, whereas neonatal injuries were more common in newborns delivered by vacuum. The choice of instrument should be personalized based on the patient's condition and the obstetrician's experience and expertise.

Obstetricians must be able to perform operative vaginal birth (OVB). It is the most common obstetric emergency intervention, and it necessitates a high level of expertise. To nd out which tool obstetricians prefer when doing surgical vaginal births, as well as the prevalence and hazards of vacuum or forceps assisted vaginal deliveries (AVD). The ACS Medical and Hospital in Chennai conducted this cross-sectional investigation. The survey comprised 500 obstetricians in all. All obstetricians in Chennai were issued an online survey. The best approach for a given situation, tool preference [vacuum or forceps], and perspectives on the difculties associated with both vacuum and forceps use during vaginal delivery were all investigated. We calculated averages and percentages for the overall group and different subgroups based on the responses. The statistical analysis comprised a risk assessment of the result with exposure as an appropriate p-value. The questionnaire had a response rate of 92 percent (460/500). According to the data, obstetricians preferred vacuum because it was easier to use. The two groups had identical baseline characteristics. The most prevalent complication was a failed vacuum owing to cup slippage (65%), followed by caput succedaneum (22%), both of which were statistically signicant. The most important nding was that maternal injuries in the vacuum group were only 3%, which was signicantly lower than maternal injuries in the forceps group (70%) with a p-value of 0.001. The majority of obstetricians seemed to prefer using a vacuum during delivery. The use of a vacuum extractor instead of forceps for assisted delivery appeared to lower maternal morbidity, whereas neonatal injuries were more prevalent in vacuum-delivered babies. The equipment chosen should be tailored to the patient's needs as well as the obstetrician's knowledge and skill.

A non-ideal development could influence the psychological improvement of youngsters. Mental advancement problem's youngsters all over the planet were named high. To forestall what is going on it was required a constant feeling from the mother. Giving excitement was upheld by mother's information about kid's development and improvement so feeling could be given by the development stage. Helpful gathering treatment was one of the alterative that give information to the mother in doing a formative excitement as per the youngsters' age. The motivation behind this examination was to decide the impact of helpful gathering treatment on rnother's information in giving a mental and psychosocial formative excitement of preschool-age kids. This examination utilized "Semi explore prepost test control bunch" with restorative Gathering Treatment mediation of preschool-age kids (3-4 years). The consequence of this examination acquired that the mental part of mother's information was 0,070 (p value>0, 05) which suggested that there was no contrast among mediation and control bunch. While in the psychosocial angle it was observed that information on mother was 0,460 (p value> 0. 05) which intended that there was no contrast among mediation and control bunch. With the giving of this treatment, working on the improvement of preschoolers was normal. Particularly on the mental and psychosocial angles.