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Background and Objective: Maternal depression is an important public health problem. Preterm labour, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction have all been linked to antenatal depression, which is generally underdiagnosed. Postpartum depression has been linked to motherinfant bonding issues, child maltreatment, child neglect, maternal drug misuse, and self-harm in studies. Depression among pregnant and postpartum teenagers is prevalent in many parts of the world. The incidence of depression and its related risk factors among pregnant and postpartum adolescents in Sriperumbudhur, Chennai, is reported in this research. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional research using a sample of 160 teenage girls using maternity health care in a medium-sized rural peripheral district hospital in Chennai was undertaken between June and November 2021. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to examine pregnant and postnatal adolescents who took part in the study as the treatment of depression. Mean of parameters were assessed and correlation value were calculated by Fisher's exact test. The statistically signicant Pvalue was less than 0.05. Results: The sociodemographic factors have been demonstrated to have a major role in explaining the variation in prenatal and postpartum depression prevalence rates. According to the data, less than a third of pregnant women suffer from depression as a result of life events such as economic problems, which they must overcome in order to sustain their family. These were shown to be signicant risk factors (P>0.05). In the meanwhile, it was 9.4% (15/160) among postpartum participants. Physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.32, 95% CI 1.66-29.44, p = 0:005), verbal abuse (aOR) 4.3, 95% CI 1.03-15.79, p = 0:03), and intimate partner violence (aOR) 9.58, 95% CI 1.58-48.82, p = 0:008) were all linked to postnatal depression. Conclusion: In the research sample, prenatal depression was more common than postpartum depression. As a result of the ndings, maternal healthcare providers are being advised to examine the mental health of pregnant and postpartum teenagers seeking treatment at health institutions.

Background: Women are twice as likely as males to suffer from mood disorders, which tend to cluster around the childbearing years. Depression negatively influences maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in pregnant women aged 18 – 35 yrs and to identify predictors accounting for variability across estimates during pandemic. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study, conducted among 74 pregnant women coming for antenatal checkups in the Sriperumbudur, Chennai. Using height and weight values obtained from the sample, Body Mass Index (weight in kg/height in metre squares) was calculated. Hamilton – Depression Scale (HAM-d) was applied after initial psychiatry work up to all women who were selected for the interview. Mean of parameters were assessed and correlation value were calculated by Fisher’s exact test. The statistically significant P value was less than 0.05. Results: The sociodemographic variables have been found as significant contributors in explaining the variability of the prevalence rates of antenatal depression. It showed positive correlation between economic status and depression (p<0.05) and a negative correlation between obesity and depression (p>0.05). According to the findings, fewer than 1/3rd of pregnant women experience depression as a result of life circumstances such as economic crises in order to support their families. These were identified as significant associate variables (P>0.05). And also, this study identified insufficient socioeconomic assistance were more likely to experience multiple psychological discomfort [atleast 1] than women who got appropriate economic support. (r = -0.118, P < 0.001) Conclusion: In rural Tamilnadu, the prevalence of antenatal depression among women is significant. Antenatal Depression is caused by a number of circumstances, including physical, obstetric, economic, and family-related issues. To treat these antenatal depression risk factors, comprehensive therapies are required.

Aim and objective: The present study determines the incidence of anti-Chlamydia antibodies (ACA), antisperm antibody (ASA), and thyroid levels in serum of infertility patients and statistically determines the significance of all three study parameters. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on volunteers of 190 patients both male and female reporting to the Infertility Clinic of hospital and 178 patients including pregnant women patients were used as control. Serum from patients was collected and analyzed for the presence of anti-Chlamydia antibodies, ASA, serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Infertility patients representing 12.6% of the study population tested positive for anti-Chlamydia antibodies. 21.6% of 190 patients had high ASA levels and these levels were found to be statistically significant p < 0.001 when compared with control. Elevated thyroid levels of the study population observed as increased T3 in 26 patients and T4 in 18 patients with 16 patients having increased TSH and the increased levels of thyroid in infertility patients compared with control is statistically significant p value <0.01. Correlation between all three study parameters is statistically significant [0.01 level (two-tailed)]. Conclusion: Significantly higher levels of anti-Chlamydia antibodies and ASA are found associated in infertile patients as is elevated T3, T4, and TSH. All three parameters together can cause infertility showing the multidimensional factors for the development of infertility. Clinical significance: Patients with infertility should be screened for all three study parameters viz. ACA, ASA, and thyroid levels and subsequent treatment protocols to resolve all possible adverse results to within normal levels for the success of ART. Research highlights• The present study found higher levels of anti-Chlamydia antibody in patients with primary infertility compared with the control group indicating the strong association between chlamydial infections and infertility. • The present study found higher levels of antisperm antibodies in the serum of patients with primary infertility compared with the control group implying a significant role for ASA and development of infertility. • Thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism due to elevated TSH and hyperthyroidism associated with increased total serum T3 or T4 are several times higher in infertility patients when compared with the general population providing evidence for thyroid imbalance and infertility. • All three study parameters-anti-Chlamydia antibodies, ASA, and thyroid levels occurring together in any one patient may tend to cause infertility.

AIM: The goal of the study was to determine the trajectories of perinatal anxiety symptoms and their determinants among women who report with risk anxiety during pregnancy and live in a low-resource context in Sriperumbuthur, Chennai. Study Design: A Cross sectional study design METHADOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included 192 women from Sriperumbuthur, a low-income neighborhood in Chennai, who were selected at their rst prenatal visit if they scored 13 or higher on the Edinburgh Postnatal Anxiety Scale, were at least 18 years old, and were fewer than 29 weeks pregnant. Participants were followed up on at eight months gestation, three months postpartum, and twelve months postpartum. Growth mixture modelling was used to nd latent trajectories of anxiety symptoms based on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Because HAS scores did not differ between the control and intervention groups, all individuals were evaluated jointly. Using health, social, and economic variables of trajectories were studied to identify high-risk groups with more or more chronic rage symptoms. RESULTS:There were two trajectories identied: prenatal alone (88%) with moderate to severe symptoms at baseline that subsequently diminish; and antenatal and postnatal (12%) with severe anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and later in the postpartum period that subside to moderate levels at 3 months postpartum. Severe food hardship, intimate partner violence, reduced social support, more functional impairment, problematic drinking, and suicide risk are all predictors for the prenatal and postnatal trajectory. CONCLUSION: A small percentage of women who are at risk for anxiety prenatally remain at risk during pregnancy and can be distinguished from those who experience a spontaneous remission. These ndings should be included into identication and referral efforts, especially considering the scarcity of mental health services in low-income areas.