Aim: To determine the incidence and indication of caesarean section. Method: It is a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital for three months. The data was retrieved from the medical record of operation theatre. Results: During the study period, 31.1% (1,592 out of 5,120) of women underwent caesarean section. Eighty eight percent (n-1,402) of them were emergency caesarean section while 12 % were elective (n-190). Majority of the women (70.3%) belonged to 20-29 years and half of them were primigravida. Around 89.2% caesarean sections were performed at 37-42 weeks of gestation. The four leading indications were fetal distress (31.5%), previous caesarean section (19.7%), cephalo -pelvic disproportion (13.4%) and abnormal presentation (7.9%). Conclusions: In this study, incidence of caesarean section is more than WHO recommendation. It may be mainly due to the referral of complicated cases from the periphery of the country. Key words: caesarean section, indication

Background: Abortion is a common medical procedure done in a day to day basis in every country and is a major component of public health. Legally and safely performed abortions are amongst the least complicated medical procedures. There exists a demographic variation in availability, accessibility and affordability of safe abortion services in Nepal also. The aim of the study was to assess the demographic and clinical profile of women opting for first-trimes­ter abortion. This study highlights the indications and rate of the method used for abortion. Methods: It was a retrospective study where data were collected from charts available at the com­prehensive abortion care center at the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. The data from Baisakh to Asoj of 2076 B.S was collected and calculations were done manually. Results: Higher proportion of women receiving first-trimester abortion fell under the age of 26-30 years (30.17%). Most women were literate (86.03%) and married (85.71%). A history of previous abortion was absent in majority (72.39%) and 14.28% had never been pregnant before. The most common indication for abortion was non-use of family planning services (43.82%). The rate of medical abortion was higher (58.10%) than surgical method of abortion (41.89%). Conclusions: Women’s age, literacy, contraceptive use, previous pregnancy status were the de­terminants of unintended pregnancy. There existed both demographic and clinical variations in between women receiving abortion services.