Biogenic Mn oxides are expected to have great potential in the control of water pollution due to their high catalytic activity, although information on biological Mn oxidation is not currently sufficient. In this study, the growth of a Mn oxidizing microorganism, Pseudomonas putida MnB1, was examined, with the Mn oxides formed by this strain characterized. The growth of P. putida MnB1 was not significantly influenced by Mn(II), but showed a slightly decreased growth rate in the presence of Pb(II) and EE2, indicating their insignificant adsorption onto the cell surface. Mn oxides were formed by P. putida MnB1, but the liquid growth medium and resulting biogenic solids were poorly crystalline, nano-sized particles. Biogenic Mn oxidation by P. putida MnB1 followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with stoichiometric amounts of Mn oxides formed, which corresponded with the initial Mn(II) concentration. However, the formation of Mn oxides was inhibited at high initial Mn(II) concentration, suggesting mass transfer obstruction of Mn(II) due to the accumulation of Mn oxides on the extracellular layer. Mn oxidation by P. putida MnB1 was very sensitive to pH and temperature, showing sharp decreases in the Mn oxidation rates outside of the optimum ranges, i.e. pH 7.43-8.22 and around 20-26 o C.

The fast development of the Graphics Processing Unit’s progammability and parallel computing power provides new solutions for visualization technology. As the carrier of volume date, a cubic box is selected as the bounding box in the improved ray-casting algorithm, whose diagonal vertex coordinates are stored in boxMin and boxMax respectively. By adjusting the two parameters we can change the shape of the bounding box and then choose the interesting region of the object, a CUDA based interactive volumetric clipping tool is finally realised. By changing the shape of bounding box, the axial volumetric clipping and arbitrary cross-section clipping are important ways to help to get the object's internal information. Experiments show this method is simple, efficient and useful especially for the irregular shape defect. In addition, even for the larger volume of data, we can get a high quality, cross-sectional images on a fast speed.

The fast development of the Graphics Processing Unit’s programmability and parallel computing power provides new solutions for visualization technology. Using Image processing techniques according to the ICT image gray state of existence and CUDA based classical ray-casting algorithm of volume rendering，By the contrast of volume rendering’s effect showed in different aspects involved in its entirety，plane cutting and local amplification;We can get high quality image with fast speed and with the preprocessed volume date used in the method Contrast finely with the original volume date, which can be well complementary to display the characteristics of defects.