Background At present, there are more than 300 million asthma patients in the world. Electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) are considered as a new way of smoking and are loved by young people. The relationship between e‐cigarettes and asthma risk is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to explore the relationship between e‐cigarettes and asthma. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for research results published before august 2020. All data analysis was through R version 3.6.3. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's rank correlation test, and Egger regression asymmetry tests. Most of the included studies were adjusted for potential confounding factors. Results This meta found the association of e‐cigarette use with asthma, and the combined OR value was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.17–1.37). We found the significant association of current e‐cigarette usage with asthma (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.17–1.45), and the former use of e‐cigarettes also had an association with asthma (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08–1.39). Then, when e‐cigarettes were used in combination with traditional cigarettes, the association odds with asthma was 1.47 (95% CI = 1.13–1.91), which was higher than that of users who used traditional cigarettes (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.19–1.49). In subgroup analysis, adult and female e‐cigarette users were more closely associated with asthma. Conclusion In short, in this meta‐analysis, we found that current or former use of e‐cigarettes are associated with the prevalence of asthma. However, the specific relationship required more rigorous design for further verification.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) causes increasing infections in healthy individuals from the community. In severe cases, it can cause multiple organ infection with invasive metastasis of blood sources, seriously threatening the patients’ life. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the pathogen becomes the key to timely antibiotic treatment to improve the prognosis. This article reports a case of liver abscess complicated with multiple organ invasive infection caused by hematogenous-disseminated hvKp. K. pneumoniae was identified by culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) using blood and liver abscess drainage fluid. The isolates from the two samples were subsequently identified with high homology (99.999%) by whole genome sequencing. In addition, multiple virulence genes were detected in the two isolates and the string test was positive, indicating hvKp with hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Multiple antibiotic treatments were given. The conditions of the patient were stable but the temperature remained high. Surgical drainage treatment was performed, and the patient’s body temperature immediately dropped to normal. He finally recovered after 6 months of follow-up. mNGS using body fluids can facilitate the rapid diagnosis of pathogens. For hvKp infection, choosing a better antibiotic therapy and receiving surgical drainage can significantly improve the prognosis of the patient.