Silver nanoparticles with pH induced surface charge transform activities were prepared which showed an enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency while demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.

The gold nanorods (PCB-AuNRs) with pH induced surface charge transform activities were used for photothermal disinfection of planktonic bacteria and eradication of bacterial biofilms.

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A series of fluorinated polyurethanes (FPUs) with various contents of fluorinated chain extender (EF) and the same amount of poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) and diphenylmethanediisocyanate were synthesized to explore the relationship between the surface physicochemical properties and bulk microphase separation structures of these FPUs and their antifouling activities against model bacteria and platelets. The bulk microphase separation of FPUs increased with the amount of incorporated EF. It was found that the surfaces of all FPUs were saturated by a layer of fluorocarbon chains which resulted in similar chemical composition and wetting activities for the three kinds of FPUs. The FPUs with lower or similar microphase separation compared with non-fluorinated polyurethane chain-extended with 1,4-butanediol showed similar or even increased adhesion of bacteria and platelets. Notably, FPU with a higher degree of microphase separation than non-fluorinated polyurethane displayed excellent antifouling activities against both model bacteria and blood platelets. It is therefore concluded that the increased microphase separation of the FPUs results in enhanced antifouling properties.