Performing a training program for reducing nurses’ discrimination towards AIDS clients, and then evaluating the effect of the training model and analyzing the influencing factors of the training effect to form a long-run training model. 150 clinical nurses were selected to attend the program to reduce nurses’ discrimination towards AIDS clients. The program included 3 steps: knowledge education, psychological intervention, and behavior correcting. Before the program, we conducted pre-research to learn the current situation, including existing discrimination and training needs. Selected nurses were asked to complete questionnaires before and 6 months after training, and the trainees were from several hospitals in Haikou. The research period was from March to September 2020. The scores for AIDS-related knowledge, discrimination attitudes, and nursing standard behavior before training were (49.69 ± 3.80), (47.01 ± 3.70), and (35.98 ± 3.01), respectively, and the scores from 6 months after training were (59.01 ± 3.88), (52.19 ± 4.98), and (38.12 ± 2.98), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that the scores for the nurses’ AIDS-related knowledge and behavior were positively correlated ( R = 0.31, P < .05); however, there was no correlation found between attitude and behavior ( P > .05); no significant differences were observed in the 3 scores among nurses in different departments and nurses with different working durations. There was a significant difference detected among nurses in their experience caring for AIDS clients ( F = 3.80, P < .05). The nurses with higher education levels also showed a significant difference compared to those with low education levels on their knowledge and behavior scores ([ F = 3.49, P < .05] and [ F = 4.68, P < .05], respectively). AIDS-related knowledge training and psychological intervention can effectively reduce the discriminatory attitudes of nurses towards AIDS clients.

Background: To evaluate the best non-pharmacological interventions on apathy in patients with central nervous system (CNS) organic diseases. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library electronic databases, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang and Chinese biomedical literature database studies published from 2011 to May 29, 2021. A combination of subject words and free words were used for searching. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of non-pharmacological interventions for apathy in patients with central nervous organic disease were included. Two researchers independently identified the eligible RCTs and extracted information. The risk of bias within each individual trial was assessed using the Cocharane Collaboration’s tool. Review Manager 5.4 and ADDIS 1.16.5 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 5324 related studies were obtained in the initial screening, and final 8 RCTs including 334 patients were included, involving 4 non-pharmacological interventions of cognitive intervention, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), music therapy and occupational therapy. Direct comparison results showed that rTMS, cognitive intervention, and occupational therapy were superior to the conventional group (P < .05). Network Meta repeated rTMS, cognitive intervention was superior to the conventional group (P < .05), while the other groups did not differ from with the conventional group (P > .05). The order of superiority was rTMS, cognitive intervention, occupational therapy, music therapy, and conventional group. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that rTMS and cognitive interventions are more effective than the conventional intervention in improving apathy in patients with CNS organic diseases. It still needs more non-pharmacological intervention studies with high quality, larger sample sizes for further exploration.