Gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, dyspepsia, and diarrhea are relatively nonspecific and a common cause for seeking medical attention. To date, it is challenging for physicians to differentiate between functional and organic gastrointestinal conditions and it involves the use of serological and endoscopic techniques. Therefore, a simple, noninvasive, inexpensive, and effective test would be of utmost importance in clinical practice. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is considered to be a reliable biomarker that fulfills these criteria. FC can detect intestinal inflammation, and its level correlates well with macroscopic and histological inflammation as detected by colonoscopy and biopsies, respectively. FC has a decent diagnostic accuracy for differentiating organic diseases and functional disorders because of its excellent negative predictive value in ruling out inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in symptomatic undiagnosed patients. There is accumulating evidence that FC has been effectively used to monitor the natural course of IBD, to predict relapse, and to see the response to treatment. This novel biomarker has the ability to assess mucosal healing (MH), which is a therapeutic goal in IBD management. A literature search was carried out using PubMed with the keywords FC, IBD, intestinal inflammation, and MH. In our review, we provide an overview of the utility and scope of FC as a biomarker in patients with IBD as well as undiagnosed patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms.

Introduction: COVID-19 (Corona virus disease 2019) pandemic has been causing significant morbidity & mortality world-wide. Insulin resistance markers such as TyG index, lipid ratio, and LAP have been studied in relation to the severity and hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients. Early diagnosis with severity assessment and optimum supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the association of insulin resistance markers TyG index, lipid ratios & lipid accumulation product (LAP) with the severity and hospital outcome of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in COVID unit of BSMMU (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University) among hospital admitted COVID patients from March 2021 to February 2022. Total 138 COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study. Result: Majority of patients (27.5%) was in 41-50 years age group and there was male predominance (65.9%). Majority (31.2%) of the study patients were clinically severe. There is significant correlation between disease severity and IR markers with moderate correlation with LDL/HDL and strong correlation with all other IR markers. There was significant correlation between TC/HDL and development of ARDS and & of HFNC with no other significant correlation with other outcomes. There was no significant correlation between LDL/HDL and hospital outcomes. There was significant correlation between TG/HDL and development of ARDS, also with use of rebreather and HFNC. No other significant correlation found with other outcomes. There was significant correlation between TyG index and use of rebreather & development of ARDS. No other significant correlation found with other outcomes. There was significant correlation between LAP and development of ARDS, use of rebreather & HFNC with no other significant correlation with other outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study found the insulin resistance markers TyG index. .......

We report a case of nephrotic range proteinuria with 24-hour urine protein level of 18.3 g/day, which developed following dengue fever (DF). The patient did not exhibit classical features of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and his renal function was not compromised during his illness. Proteinuria resolved without any specific treatment and precluded renal biopsy. Though the dengue fever and associated renal disorders are self-limiting, renal involvement in severe dengue infection is growingly seen in recent years and could cause increased mortality and long-term morbidity. IMC J Med Sci 2018; 12(2): 86-89

Improved treatment has increased survival of patients with thalassemia. However, they still suffer from several endocrine complications mainly as a result of iron overload from multiple transfusions. Endocrinopathies manifest as early as the first decade of life, affecting growth, puberty, psychological development and quality of life. The presence of concomitant anemia, chronic liver disease and cardiomyopathy affect the development and treatment of endocrine disorders, making endocrinopathies in thalassemia a complex disorder. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of endocrinopathies in transfusion and non transfusion dependent thalassemia. The main points that should be considered in the management of endocrine disorders in a patient with thalassemia are highlighted in this review. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(1): 47-55