SUMMARY:High-resolution MRN is becoming increasingly available due to recent technical advancements, including higher magnetic field strengths (eg, 3T), 3D image acquisition, evolution of novel fat-suppression methods, and improved coil design. This review describes the MRN techniques for obtaining high-quality images of the peripheral nerves and their small branches and imaging findings in normal as well as injured nerves with relevant intraoperative correlations. Various microsurgical techniques in peripheral nerves, such as neurolysis, nerve repairs by using nerve grafts, and conduits are discussed, and MRN findings of surgically treated nerves are demonstrated.ABBREVIATIONS: AP ϭ anteroposterior; CPN ϭ common peroneal nerve; IV ϭ intravenous; LPN ϭ lateral plantar nerve; LR ϭ left-to-right; MIP ϭ maximum intensity projection; MPN ϭ medial plantar nerve; MPR ϭ multiplanar reconstruction; MRN ϭ MR neurography; SI ϭ signal intensity; SNR ϭ signal-to-noise ratio; SPACE ϭ sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions; SPAIR ϭ spectral-attenuated inversion recovery; STIR ϭ short tau inversion recovery; T1WI ϭ T1-weighted imaging; T2WI ϭ T2-weighted imaging; TSE ϭ turbo spin-echo

• In patients with peripheral neuropathy, MRN significantly impacts diagnostic thinking. • In patients with peripheral neuropathy, MRN significantly impacts therapeutic choices. • 3-T MRN should be considered in presurgical planning of patients with peripheral neuropathy.

MRN yields accurate morphologic information about the location and extent of nerve injury after failed tarsal tunnel release and facilitates preoperative diagnosis.

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This article depicts the surgically confirmed imaging findings of high-resolution MRN in tibial nerve entrapment by the soleal sling.