Background and Objectives: Before the advent of endoscopy direct access to the lesion for the confirmation of the diagnosis was difficult, this posed difficulty in contemplating adequate and appropriate surgery. Endoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool has grown in recent years. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is one of the most fascinating branch which serves not only as a means of resolving or amplifying the diagnosis made clinically or by X-ray, but also a primary diagnostic procedure for conditions not otherwise diagnosable on unoperated case. Fiber optic upper GI endoscopy has already become firmly established as a reliable, quick and inexpensive tool. This study was done to detect the upper gastrointestinal lesions in rural population of Kolar District, the distribution pattern of various upper GI lesions in patients presenting with upper GI symptoms and to follow the endoscopic diagnosis for medical and surgical management. Materials and Methods: The study group includes patients reporting to outpatient department and also the inpatients in wards of General Surgery and other departments, who have upper GI symptoms, were advised endoscopy at R. L. JALAPPA Hospital and Research Centre, Kolar, from a period of December 2011 to August 2013. Results: Of the 600 cases, 370 were males, and 230 were females. Disease incidence was highest in 51–70 years age group, that is, 21.6%. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom. Epigastric tenderness was the most common sign among the patients clinically. Reflux esophagitis and diffuse gastritis formed most common cases (307 cases). The incidence of duodenitis - 7.83%, peptic ulcer -3.3%, esophageal varices - 1.5%, the incidence of carcinoma esophagus and carcinoma stomach was approximately same that is, 4.5% and 4.6% respectively. The incidence of esophageal candidiasis was 4.16%. The majority of the patients had a normal study that is, 14.5%. Conclusion: Upper GI lesions were more common in males. The incidence of diseases was highest among the elderly age group. Most of the benign mucosal lesions were mainly due to spicy food and habit of tobacco consumption. The incidence of malignancy was mostly among older age group above 50 years. The incidence of the normal study was high owing to increased medical care, easy availability of the procedure and increased medical awareness among patients. In all these cases, upper GI endoscopy not only helped in diagnosing the disease but also helped to get information about pathology, extent of disease and complications that have occurred. This study highlights the importance of diagnostic and therapeutic uses, recording of the various gastroenterological diseases we come across in rural population.

Gallstones represent a failure to maintain certain biliary solutes, primarily cholesterol and calcium salts in a solubilized state. An important biliary precipitate in gallstone pathogenesis is biliary sludge, which refers to a mixture of cholesterol crystals, calcium bilirubinate granules, and a mucin gel matrix. The general biodata of patient regarding his name, age, sex, religion, occupation, socio-economic status and address was collected. A detailed history was taken with special reference to duration of right upper quadrant pain or epigatric pain, its periodicity, its aggravation by fatty meals and relief by oral or parenteral analgesics. 16 patients presented with nausea along with pain abdomen and 78 patients presented with vomiting, whereas 94 patients presented with both. Jaundice was seen in 33 patients.

Abdominal trauma is an important cause of internal bleeding and sepsis in Trauma patients. The mechanism involved are Blunt, Penetrating or Blast trauma. Abdomen is the third most commonly injured region The greatest difficulty in blunt trauma is the diagnosis because of masking of symptoms by other injuries like head injury, chest injury and fractures. Purposes of this study, conservative management includes the management of patients with partial bowel obstruction or recurrent adhesive obstruction; it also includes the management of patients during the early postoperative period with naso-gastric tube NGT suction, intravenous (IV) fluids and frequent clinical reassessment. Of the total 89 patients who were considered for non operative management, one patient of Pancreatic injury with duct disruption underwent Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) and pancreatic duct stenting was done. The patient had an uneventful recovery.

Non-penetrating trauma causes damage from a combination of compression, shearing and bursting forces. Sudden, pronounced increase in intra-abdominal pressure created by outward forces can cause rupture of hollow viscera or can cause burst injury of solid organ as seen in lap belt injury. Cases of Blunt abdominal trauma were identified. Informed consent was obtained from those who were willing to be the part of the study. For the acutely ill patients who could not give consent at admission, consent was taken from next of kin (adult relative/ guardian) in presence of an independent witness. In our study most patients i.e >78% arrived late in the hospital. There were total 8 mortality observed in this study, 6 were from delayed interval group and 2 were from early interval group.

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