Background Nurses represent the major proportion of frontline health care professionals delivering 24/7 services to patients with an increased vulnerability towards COVID-19 infection. Mental health issues among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly reported across the globe. Henceforth, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore the prevalence and determinants of mental health outcomes (anxiety, stress, depression, PTSD, insomnia) among nurses across the globe due to the COVID-19. Methods A PRISMA compliant systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD 42020204120) was carried out to identify articles from multiple databases reporting the prevalence of mental health outcomes among nurses. Proportion random effect analysis, I 2 statistic, quality assessment, and sensitivity analysis were carried out. Results Pooled data on mental health outcomes were generated from 25 cross-sectional studies: 32% anxiety (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21%-44%, n (number of studies) = 21, N (sample size) = 13 641), 40.6% stress (95% CI = 25.4%-56.8%, n = 10, N = 4204), 32% depression (95% CI = 21%-44%, n = 17, N = 12 294), 18.6% PTSD (95% CI = 4.8%-38%, n = 3, N = 638), 38.3% insomnia (95% CI = 5.8%-78.6%, n = 2, N = 261) and significant risk factors for mental ailments includes; caring for COVID-19 patients, being a female, low self-efficacy, resilience, social support and having physical symptoms (sore-throat, breathlessness, cough, lethargy, myalgia, fever). Conclusion The study results highlighted a higher proportion of poor mental health outcomes namely, anxiety, stress, depression, PTSD and insomnia among nurses from different parts of the world. Poor mental health outcomes among nurses warrants the need to implement proactive psychological interventions to deter the collapse of health care systems in responding to the pandemic and in particular all possible efforts should be undertaken to mitigate the risk factors. Health care organizations should provide support to nurses with sufficient flexibility. The disaster preparedness plan envisaged by nations should have provisions to address the mental health of nurses. Greater investment in addressing the global shortage of nurses should be given priority in national health policies. Attractive salary packages should be offered to nurses to prevent their emigration from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Registration PROSPERO (CRD42020204120)
Purpose: To find out the effectiveness of structured motivational therapy on aggression management combating road rage among late adolescent population. Materials and methods: The study was carried out using a quantitative, true experimental design. The present study was conducted in Karond and Bhanpur areas of Bhopal city (MP). The total sample consists of 60 in numbers of which 30 samples belonged to the experimental group and 30 samples belonged to the control group. Using a multi stage sampling technique, two groups were selected through simple randomization (lottery) method and randomly assigned as experimental group and control group. Pre-test is administered into both the groups, structured motivational therapy on aggression management combating road rage is applied only to the experimental group but no intervention is applied to control group, after four weeks post-test is administered to both control and experimental groups. Results: After the comparison of mean pre-test and post-test levels of driving anger among participants in experimental group it’s found that there is a mean difference of 21.79 between pre-test and post-test with t-value of 18.08, which is evident that there is a significant difference in the levels of driving anger before and after the introduction of motivational therapy. Conclusion: Anger reduction therapies and techniques are very essential in preventing road rage related problems and enhancing well being of mankind overall. Present study brings to light on sustained, genuine and committed efforts in dealing with road rage among adolescents through structured motivational therapy. The study findings showed that the participants were undergoing varying levels of driving anger. Their driving anger levels have been reduced after the intervention of structured motivational therapy which has been statistically proven. Hence, structured motivational therapy is one of the reliable techniques in dealing with aggressive driving. Key words: Aggression, Driving anger, Late adolescents, Aggression management, Road rage, Structured motivational therapy.
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