Purpose This study aims to extend the investigation on leader communication by assessing the usage of motivating language (ML) by leaders in Waqf institutions in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modelling via the partial least squares. The probability sampling technique was deemed more suitable for this study as the available data was definable for constructing the sampling frame. Findings Management effectiveness was shown to have a significant effect on direction-giving and meaning-making language (MML), but not on empathetic language (EL). The findings demonstrate that increasing use of directive and MML leads to greater management performance; however, increased use of EL has no such effect. Research limitations/implications The findings should not be taken as a comprehensive solution for improving the management effectiveness of all Waqf institutions. As the study only focused on the aspect of leader communication in Waqf institutions, the findings cannot be generalized to other contexts. Additionally, this study had only examined religious-based non-profit organizations (NPOs) with affiliations to a religious body, mission statements that incorporate religious values, financial support from religious sources and governance structure and employee selection based on religious processes. Hence, the findings cannot be used as a reference in the context of non-religious NPOs. Practical implications This paper contributes to the theoretical enhancement of existing literature about leader communication towards improving institutional effectiveness. The current study has empirically tested the model through the integration of the ML theory. Thus, the leader’s choice of language improves employee motivation and ultimately institutional productivity and effectiveness. Originality/value There is a glaring gap in empirical studies on the relationship between ML usage by leaders and management effectiveness specifically in the context of Malaysian organizations. Based on rigorous searches using the Scopus and Web of Sciences databases, it was found that past studies investigating the said relationship had focused more on Western countries. This is a crucial gap that must be addressed to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of ML on management effectiveness, especially in the Malaysian setting.

While a great discussion on past research done to investigate the impact on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in producing the positive outcome of the management, relatively little research has been done conducted to examine the link between LMX to the effectiveness of the management particularly in a religious based non-profit organization in a Malaysia setting. Meanwhile, a discussion on LMX of the non-profit organisation is not explicitly religious based as the discussion on Malaysia institution, and specifically among non-profit organisation religious based is lacking. Thus, the objective of this study to address the issue of communication among leader-member via LMX theory and to propose potential effect to the effectiveness of the management particularly in a religious based non-profit organisation, specifically in Waqf institutions in the Malaysian setting.

Background and Objective: Studies related to Islamic leadership focus on various aspects including the nature of a leader, the relationship between leaders and followers, and the positive implications of Islamic leadership on the organization. In order to ensure the effectiveness of Islamic-based institutions, it is very important to consolidate previous studies related to the effectiveness of Islamic leadership in Islamic-based institutions for future reference. Materials and Methods: This paper aimed to summarize the researches published in the field of Islamic leadership. This paper systematically reviewed research papers on Islamic leadership in Islamic based institutions published between 2017 and 2022. A total of 13 papers related to the scope of Islamic leadership in Islamic based institutions were critically reviewed. Conclusion:The paper concluded that there are six main positive implications of Islamic leadership on Islamic based organizations.

No abstract

No abstract