No abstract

Beekeeping is essential for the development of bio-economy practices; it provides tremendous social benefits on both economic and ecological fronts. The objectives of the present study were to explore the socioeconomic status of all traditional and modern beekeeping populations, the role of anthropogenic movement, manipulation, filthy beekeeping practices, bacterial pathogenesis, irrational use of antibiotics and the agricultural intensification of managed and native bee species in the selected study sites. The required data was collected through in-depth personal interviews and questionnaires. A total of 101 (42 traditional and 59 modern) beekeepers were interviewed from randomly selected five blocks in the Nainital district. Out of 18 selected study sites, 16 sites fall under rural areas, one is an urban town, namely Kathgodam and the remaining one is a town, namely Fatehpur Range. The present investigation reveals that 70% of total modern beekeepers are of 20-49 years old and reside in rural areas. It is encouraging that people have adopted beekeeping in rural areas for livelihood and modern purposes. During the present study, it was observed that females are least interested in beekeeping practices due to extensive touring and shifting to remote areas for qualitative nectar and pollen.

Insecticides are extensively used in agriculture to foil the crop yield losses. Due to long persistence in the environment insecticides cause undesirable effects on human health and environment. Most of the people especially farmers are the vulnerable section of population exposed to insecticides in different ways and degrees. This review briefs insecticide toxicity of the banned insecticides, their consumption and accidental exposure including the status and production in India. Since pesticides and their metabolites are harmful to the atmosphere causing human health hazards in terms of toxicity, it is essential to examine pesticide contamination and the health effects of pesticides on exposed health workers and other non-target organisms. Pesticide risk assessment on non-target organisms can be analyzed by using different test methods to determine the toxicity grade.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the status of anemia and haemoglobinopathies in Kumaun Region, India. An extensive survey was conducted to collect the data from various sources like government hospitals, Primary Health Centre's, Certified Pathology labs and the medical registry maintained by related Government Departments. During the investigation, the maximum number of Anemia, thalassemia trait, SCβT, SCT, Sickle cell anemia (SCA)/Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia major cases were recorded from the district Udham Singh Nagar followed by Nainital and minimum cases were reported from two mountain districts Bageshwar and Champawat.