Bureaucracy is one of the oldest institutions of a government system. Its role and importance have grown immensely in modern government systems. Bureaucrats or public administrators are indispensable in the policy decision making process in the 21st century. From the early conception as a branch of government responsible for the implementation of policy decisions and everyday functioning, bureaucracy has assumed a more active role in the policymaking process. It has gone through many reforms; however, these reforms have been largely incremental and static. While the external environment or the problems faced by bureaucracy is continuously evolving, the change in bureaucracy has not been in the same proportion. In the 21st century, many issues confronting bureaucracy are not only wicked but also global in nature. Moreover, challenges posed by technological disruptions and long-term processes such as climate change put bureaucracy at all levels of a government in a far trickier position than their earlier envisaged basic functions. In dealing with such challenges, the policy capacity of bureaucracy cannot be taken for granted. There are often significant gaps in capacity to anticipate a policy problem, to ensure coordination and preserve legitimacy, to translate global issues at local levels, and to learn from the past. It is crucial to strengthen analytical capacity at the individual and organizational level, operational capacity at the organizational level, and political capacity at the systems level to address these gaps. Tackling capacity gaps systematically would enable bureaucracy to design and implement policy and administrative reforms with a long-term vision of adaptation and evolution instead of merely in reactive mode. The policy capacity framework presented in this article is useful in identifying the capacity gaps that inhibit bureaucracy from evolving and the remedies to address these gaps.

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This paper focuses on the fabrication of a new hybrid polymer composite laminate (HPCL) using biodegradable materials to avoid dumping of waste and has all the desired characteristics as compared to the conventional matrix composites used in various applications such as aerospace, railways cabin, structures, sports equipment, medical field, etc. Utilizing the hand lay-up method and compression molding machine, six layers of Kevlar fiber, banana fiber, and an epoxy-based matrix reinforced with GO were fabricated. By altering the stacking order of fibers in which the HPCL were stacked and embedding GO of various weight percentages (0wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.50wt%, 0.75wt%, and 1wt%). As a result, it was seen that the best mechanical characteristics were found to be 42.23 MPa interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength, 300.39 MPa tensile strength, and 85.68 hardness were obtained at set C-2 i.e. 0.5 wt% of GO embedded in KKBBKK stacking order. The 0.25wt% of GO of HPCL of set C-1 yielded the impact strength with the greatest value of 771.6 J/m. FESEM, EDX mapping and XRD tests were also conducted for validating the homogeneity of the material. All the mechanical properties were enhanced by embedding GO and incorporating stacking order in HPCL. Therefore, HPCL can be used where lightweight material with proper mechanical strength and biodegradability is an important condition for sustainable development.